南极磷虾渔业近况与趋势分析

南极周边海域蕴藏着丰富的南极磷虾资源,其开发潜力受到世界各国的关注。为此,本研究基于南极海洋生物资源养护委员会(CCAMLR)统计数据分析了近几年南极磷虾渔业国家发展状况,并研究了南极磷虾渔业捕捞结构的变化特点。结果发现:(1)受捕捞技术及装备的限制,南极磷虾传统渔业国家——波兰、日本及乌克兰等正逐渐淡出开发行列;(2)随着挪威、中国及智利等新兴国家的加入,南极磷虾入渔船舶和渔业产量呈上升趋势;(3)南极磷虾全年均有生产,其中3—9月份渔获产量占总产量的70%—90%;(4)受综合环境因素和新的渔业管理措施影响,CCAMLR 48.1、48.2和48.3小区渔获产量年间波动变大,渔场选择难度增大;(5)传统的大规模科学调查模式已不适应该资源变化与渔业管理的要求,科学性渔业调查将成为今后南极磷虾资源调查与评估的重要补充。

ANALYSIS OF THE STATUS AND TREND OF THE ANTARCTIC KRILL FISHERY

The krill resource is very abundant in the area surrounding Antarctica and its development potential has been receiving considerable worldwide attention. Based on statistical data of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), this study analyzed the developmental status of countries involved in fishing of Antarctic krill, and studied the characteristics of structural changes of the Antarctic krill fishery. The results suggested a number of conclusions. 1) Traditional Antarctic krill fishing countries such as Poland, Japan, and Ukraine are gradually withdrawing from the development of Antarctic krill because of the limitations of krill fishing technology and fishing gear. 2) The numbers of Antarctic krill fishing vessels and size of fishing catches continue to rise because of the participation of emerging countries such as Norway, China, and Chile. 3) The fishing catch from March to September accounts for 70%-90% of the total fishing catch, although Antarctic krill can be fished all year around. 4) The fishing catch fluctuates considerably in CCAMLR districts 48.1, 48.2, 48.3, and the selection of fishing grounds is becoming increasingly difficult because of changing environmental factors and new fishery management measures. 5) Traditional modes of large-scale resource investigation are not adapted to the Antarctic krill resource and fishery management requirements and therefore, scientific investigations of the krill fishery based on fishing vessel data, will become an important reference for surveying and assessing the Antarctic krill resource.