生态位理论在昆明市土地利用结构优化中的应用

土地利用的效益及潜力可用土地利用的生态位来描述。借助生态位理论，通过分析昆明市（1996～2004年）土地利用类型面积及土地利用类型面积变化情况，并结合土地利用的经济生态位模型，计算了昆明市1999～2006年土地利用类型间相互作用的强度。结果表明昆明市农用地与建设用地经济生态位位差较大，经济发展和城市化进程更加剧了建设用地占用农用地的速度和强度；农用地内部各种土地利用类型的生态位宽度，耕地和牧草地最高且逐年增加，而林地处于较低水平，反映出昆明市需要依靠内部土地利用结构的调整来提高农用地生态位，从而实现土地资源的合理利用与优化配置。

THE APPLICATION OF NICHE THEORY IN KUNMING LAND USE STRUCTURE OPTIMIZATION

The land - use efficiency and potentiality can be described by niche. According to niche theory, the change of Kunming （1996 - 2004） land - use type area were analyzed, and interactive intensity of different land use types in Kunrning from 1999 to 2006 also were calculated, through land use economic niche model. The results showed that there was a big difference between agricultural niche and constructive land niche, and economic and urbanization process aggravated the speed and intension of constructive land encroach on agricultural land. Farmland and grassland had large niche width and still increased, while woodland niche was small. It suggested that agricultural land use niche of Kunming need to be increased by land use structure adjustment, to achieve the reasonable use of land resources and optimize their distribution.