鄱阳湖流域淡水贝类物种多样性、分布与保护

为探究鄱阳湖流域淡水贝类物种多样性及分布, 2011～2012年对鄱阳湖及部分“五河”干流淡水贝类进行调查。结合历史资料, 共记录淡水贝类122种, 隶属于15科39属, 主要由田螺科(Viviparidae)、豆螺科(Bithyniidae)、肋蜷科(Pleuroseridae)、椎实螺科(Lymnaeidae)、扁蜷螺科(Planorbidae)、蚌科(Unionidae)和蚬科(Corbiculidae)组成。流域内以鄱阳湖的物种丰富度最高, 108种; 中国特有种丰富, 各水体特有种比例均超过50%; 优势种主要是梨形环棱螺、铜锈环棱螺和河蚬等。与历史资料相比, 鄱阳湖淡水双壳类和腹足类物种丰富度均显著减少, 人为干扰仍是淡水贝类资源衰退的主要原因, 建议加大贝类栖息地保护力度。

Species diversity, distribution and conservation of freshwater mollusk in Poyang Lake basin

In order to explore the species diversity and distribution of freshwater mollusk in Poyang Lake basin, an extensive investigation was conducted in Poyang Lake, Fuhe River, Raohe River, Xiuhe River and Xinjiang River from 2011 to 2012, respectively. 122 species which belong to15 families, and 39 genera were recorded by synthesizing historical documents. These species are composed of Viviparidae, Bithyniidae, Pleuroseridae, Lymnaeidae, Planorbidae, Unionidae and Corbiculidae. There are 108 species in Poyang Lake, the species richness of which is the highest in Poyang Lake basin. The proportion of Chinese endemic species of each water body is more than 50%. The dominant species were Bellamya purificata, Bellamya aeruginosa and Corbicula fluminea. The species richness of bivalve and gastropods in Poyang Lake decreased significantly compared with historical data. The human disturbance is still the major reasons for the recession of freshwater mollusk and an intensive conservation of mollusk habitat is recommended.