忠县地面石质文物的风化病害研究

忠县地面石质文物风化病害形式有：裂隙状风化、页片状风化、絮粉状风化、松胀状风化。其中以絮粉状风化对文物破坏最为严重。控制风化的主要因素是：岩性和岩体结构、气候和气象条件、人为的污染。现场简易强度测试数据表明，风化石材的力学强度明显下降。最后提出了三峡水库蓄水前，对石质文物搬迁和保护的建议。参加研究工作的还有王金华、陈超平、唐毅烈、邓修甫、卞大巍、黄明元等人。表１３处文物概况Ｔａｂｌｅ１ＳｕｒｖｅｙｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｓｔｏｎｅｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｒｅｌｉｃｓｉｎＺｈｏｎｇｘｉａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙ表２石材的化学成分（％）Ｔａｂｌｅ２Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ注：丁房阙石样已非新鲜岩石。表３石材岩块的主要物理力学性质指标Ｔａｂｌｅ３Ｍａｉｎｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ－ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ注：灰绿色砂岩试验成果取自三峡工程库区环境地质研究有关资料。２石质文物的风化病害分析受自然地质环境及人文环境的制约，３处石质文物的主要环境病害是风化病害。２．１风化病害形式［１］（１）裂隙状风化。这是一种典型的物理风化形式，见于无铭阙和临江岩摩崖造像。无

A STUDY ON THE WEATHERING DISEASE OF STONE CULTURAL RELICS IN ZHONGXIAN, SICHUAN

There are four types of weathering in Zhongxian stone cultural relics: fractural weathering,shaly-flaky weathering, flocculent-powdered weathering and loose-swelling weathering. Among these types,the flocculent-powdered weathering is the most serious threat to the cultural relics.The main factors controlling weathering are: rock property and rock-mass structure,climate and atmospheric condition,as well as artificial pollution. Simple in-site strength tests indicate that the strength of the weathered rock materials of cultural relics is obviously lowered. Some suggestions for the portection of these three cultural relic sites before storing water in the the-Gorge Reservoir are put forward in this paper.