社会物理学视角下中国农村工业时空演化——以河南省芝田村为例

以五次实地调研为基础,对农村工业从民国初期至今进行阶段划分并总结其阶段特征;运用折射定律、万有引力定律定量分析工农效率及折射率,验证了微观尺度上可以反映更大尺度运行状况的理论假设。结果表明:(1)工业相对于农业有更高的效率。(2)引力与距中心村(镇)二次方正相关。(3)波动伴随工业发展的整个过程。国家政策在早期起主导作用;随着时间发展,外界经济环境逐渐成为决定性因素。(4)私有企业比集体企业折射率高是集体企业改制的主要原因,但前者承受经济风险的能力明显低于后者。(5)工农折射率与企业规模呈正相关。(6)企业组织效率:集群>集聚>分散。产业集群是农村工业发展的方向。在工业发展的初期,效率与企业规模之间存在指数增长关系,但随着向更高阶段的演进,将产生自我抑制作用。

Spatial-temporal change of rural industry in social physical perspective: Based on the investigation of Zhitian Village,Gongyi City,Henan Province

Based on five investigations of Zhitian Village, Gongyi City, Henan Province, China, the paper classifies the phases and sums up its characteristics and spatial-temporal change of rural industry in a village-level unit. The quantitative study of spatial-temporal change of village industry can be conducted on social physics, such as Refraction Law, Universal Gravitation Law, and Molecular Transition Law. The paper verifies theoretical assumption that the microscopic scale can reflect the larger-scale operating conditions. The results are obtained as follows. (1) High refractive index of industry to agriculture is the main cause for industry-arising in rural industry, and from the point of unit area, rural industry has much better profits compared to agriculture; from the point of unit labor, rural industry substituted other rare factors for labor. (2) With the distance increasing, the decay of Gravity tends to be the main reason for the spread of rural industry. (3) National policies and external economic environment are the main reasons for fluctuations in rural industry. and The former plays a leading role in the earlier period; with the establishment of a market economy, and the latter role has notably improved and gradually became the decisive factor. (4) High refractive index of private enterprises to collective enterprises is the main reason for restructuring. However, the former has a lower endurance than the latter when economic risk comes. (5) Rural industry has characteristic of scale economy. The larger the scale, the higher the refractive index in different sectors and within the same industry. (6) Concentration efficiency is the main reason for clustering of rural enterprises. The cluster has a greater advantage over the convergence over time, and it will be the direction of the rural industrial development. In the early stages of industrial development, enterprise efficiency is increased along with the scale in the power model, but if industrial development enters a faster development stage, it would become a logistic model which could make a self-inhibition to enterprise efficiency.