北京地区湿地资源动态监测与分析

以1984年、1989年、1992年、1996年、1998年、2004年TM及2002年ETM遥感影像为信息源,在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,结合野外调查,辅以收集研究区相关资料和多年的统计数据,动态监测和分析北京地区湿地资源的类型、面积、分布情况及湿地开发利用情况等.并以北京5大水系为例,用内梅罗指数法对1991年至2000年北京地区河流湿地进行水质评价与分析.结果表明：1996年和1998年北京地区湿地面积明显高于往年,分别为677.29 km^2和505.84 km^2,1998年后呈显著退化趋势,1998年到2004年,湿地水域面积减少了46%,水质也呈退化趋势,退化原因主要是由于降水量的减少和人为干扰.最后提出北京地区湿地资源合理利用和湿地生态环境保护对策.

Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis of Wetland Resources in Beijing

Supported by RS and GIS technology, combining the achievements in previous researches and numerous field investigations, we used Landsat-TM images of 1984, 1989, 1992, 1996, 1998, 2004 and Landsat-ETM image of 2002 as an information source to investigate thoroughly and monitor dynamically the wetland resource of Beijing, including wetland type, area, distribution, wetland exploitation, etc. The images of 1996 and 2002 were taken in May, and the remaining in September or October after flood season. We processed images selected using PCI 9.0, and then translated the format into Geotiff format. We set up interpretable symbols of different types of wetland, including reservoir wetland, river wetland, lake wetland, division canal, rice paddy and fishpond. Then images vectorizaton was carried out for spatial analysis and data statistics using ArcGIS 9.0. On this basis, taking the five-river system as an example, we can analyze the dynamic changing trend and evaluate water quality covering 1991 to 2000 using Nemerow Index. It turned out that: the areas of wetland in 1996 and 1998 were larger than those of the other years, reaching 677.29 km2 and 505.84 km2 respectively, and after 1998, the wetland resource degenerated sharply, especially rice paddy wetland. From 1998 to 2004, the area of wetland dropped 46.0%. Furthermore, the water quality of five-river system has a declining tendency, mainly due to precipitation decrease and human destruction. Finally, some countermeasures are put forward on how to use and protect the wetland eco-environment of Beijing.