A meteorite crater on Earth formed on September 15, 2007: The Carancas hypervelocity impact |
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| Authors: | G. Tancredi J. Ishitsuka P. H. Schultz R. S. Harris P. Brown D. O. Revelle K. Antier A. Le Pichon D. Rosales E. Vidal M. E. Varela L. Sánchez S. Benavente J. Bojorquez D. Cabezas A. Dalmau |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dpto. Astronomía, Fac. Ciencias, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay;2. Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Lima, Perú;3. Department Geological Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912–1846, USA;4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;5. EES‐2, Atmospheric, Climate and Environmental Dynamics Group—Meteorological Modeling Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS D401, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA;6. Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre DAM—Ile de France, Département Analyse Surveillance Environnement, Bruyères‐le‐Chǎtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France;7. Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito—CASLEO, San Juan, Argentina;8. Inst. Ciencias Geológicas, Fac. Ciencias, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay;9. Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú;10. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú |
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| Abstract: | Abstract— On September 15, 2007, a bright fireball was observed and a big explosion was heard by many inhabitants near the southern shore of Lake Titicaca. In the community of Carancas (Peru), a 13.5 m crater and several fragments of a stony meteorite were found close to the site of the impact. The Carancas event is the first impact crater whose formation was directly observed by several witnesses as well as the first unambiguous seismic recording of a crater‐forming meteorite impact on Earth. We present several lines of evidence that suggest that the Carancas crater was a hypervelocity impact. An event like this should have not occurred according to the accepted picture of stony meteoroids ablating in the Earth's atmosphere, therefore it challenges our present models of entry dynamics. We discuss alternatives to explain this particular event. This emphasizes the weakness in the pervasive use of “average” parameters (such as tensile strength, fragmentation behavior and ablation behavior) in current modeling efforts. This underscores the need to examine a full range of possible values for these parameters when drawing general conclusions from models about impact processes. |
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