敦煌莫高窟风沙危害综合防护体系探讨

通过对敦煌莫高窟防沙历史的综合总结和分析,认为莫高窟作为我国乃至世界古代灿烂文化艺术的瑰宝,是甘肃对外交流的主要窗口之一,也是我国重要的旅游地之一。单纯的消极人工清沙已远远不能适应现代社会对生态环境质量的需要和旅游业作为该地区经济发展基本点的要求。那么,创造一个良好的旅游生态环境及文物保护工作环境,不仅有利于整个窟区生态环境的改善,且其示范效应将带动本地区乃至整个河西地区的荒漠化治理。根据风沙环境特征,提出了莫高窟防护体系建立的主导思想是:以防治西北、西南主害风为主,根据鸣沙山、砂(砾)质戈壁、窟顶崖面等不同地带的具体风沙运动规律,采取以固为主,固、阻、输、导相结合的防护原则,以切断或削弱鸣沙山沙源和固定流沙,并消除沙砾质戈壁面的就地起沙为目的,建立一个由工程、生物、化学措施组成的多层次、多功能的综合防护体系,从根本上消除风沙活动对莫高窟的危害。同时对莫高窟综合防护体系建设的总体布局及防护宽度、砾石铺压的基本原理作了一个初步的探讨。

The Discuss of Comprehensively Preventing Blown -Sand System in Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang

Through the integrating analysis on sand preventing history of Mogao Grottoes, the paper considers that Mogao Grottoes as the world brilliant ancient gems is an important door of Gansu province for opening up to the world, also an important touring spot in our country. Only negative sand clearing has already not suit to the ecological environment construction, not met the need of touring as the developing basic point in this region and not satisfied the quality and ecological environment that modern society requires. To create a fine touring and cultural relic protecting work conditions will not only benefits the improvement of the ecological environment in Mogao Grottoes,but also enhances desertification control technology to a new lever in whole Hexi region,Gansu province. Based on the features of blown sand in Mogao Grottoes, the paper proposes a guiding thought of preventing system which gives priority to prevent NW, SW winds. The preventing principle including measures of cutting off and eliminating Minsasan sand source, stabilizing drifting sand and eliminating sand rising on sandy gobi,will be adopted. A multi|arrangement, multi|function preventing system will be set up, which made up of engineering, biological,chemistrical measures to eliminate blown sand disaster. Meantime, the paper also gives a elementary discuss about the entire layout and construction content of the preventing system including preventing width and principle of gravel bedding and pressing.