旅游移民研究体系及方法初探

近年来,一种基于大众旅游的新人口迁移现象——旅游移民受到西方学者的高度关注。在我国,旅游移民现象已经出现,但研究较少。西方学者对旅游移民的研究较为注重实证分析,缺少对旅游移民概念及其研究体系的准确界定。笔者在对国外相关文献分析和已有实证研究基础上,对旅游移民的概念体系进行了界定,把旅游移民划分为旅游劳工移民和旅游消费移民两大类,确定旅游移民研究的三大方向为行为理论研究、发生论研究和社会影响研究,并对每个研究方向的主要内容进行了明确,构建出旅游移民的研究体系。同时,提出了旅游移民研究可借用的相关移民动力学、行为学、社会学等理论,以及质性研究、量化研究、比较研究、长期站点监测和个案研究等具体研究方法和需要注意的方面,对我国旅游移民研究进行了理论和方法的初步探讨。

A preliminary study on research system and methods of tourism migration

Recently a new phenomenon of population migration based on mass tourism-tourism migration-has been highly concerned by foreign scholars.In China,though this phenomenon has emerged and is progressing,little importance is attached.In the West,verification analysis is emphasized in the research of tourism migration,which finds expression in the discussion of the relationship between tourism and migration,while leaving the vacancy of the definition of this phenomenon as well as its research system.Based on of analysis the related foreign literature and verification researches,the author defines the concept of tourism migration which is classified into two types of tourism labor migration and tourism consumption migration,and further subdivides the former into entrepreneurial migration and employment migration and the latter into lifestyle migration and tourism retirement migration.And three researching aspects about tourism migration are confirmed:first,behavioral theoretic researches,covering the contents such as demographic features of tourism migration groups,type divisions,behavioral rules,psychological perception and self-cognition;second,motivational theoretic researches,including those on dynamic factors,dynamic mechanism,migration policies and social networks;and third,social impacts researches,with the focus on the culture assimilation and conflict,the impacts on the local area,the evolution and management of the destination and the VFR tourism.Moreover,the central contents of the three aspects are interpreted and eventually the research system of tourism migration is constructed.Finally,proceeding from foreign studies and personal researches,the author puts forward some referential theories such as migratory dynamics,praxiology,sociology,as well as some material study methods such as qualitative methods,quantitative methods and comparative research,long-term station observation,case study and some aspects that need further attention.These studies have preliminarily discussed Chinese tourism migration in theory and methods.