渤海鱼类群落结构特征的研究

根据１９８２－１９８５年和１９９２年８月－１９９３年６月间渤海渔业增殖生态学调查所得的１０９０网次定量资料，运用数理统计的方法，分析鱼类群落结构多样性综合指标的变化特征。结果表明，在１９８２－１９８５年间渤海鱼类鱼种数为１１９种，其中暖温种居首位，占５７．９８％；暖水种次之，占２８．５７％；冷温种种数最少，占１３．４５％。群落结构的季节变化规律呈现单周期型，１０月份鱼种数最多，达８３种；２月份仅为

STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN BOHAI SEA

Study on the characteristics of fish community structure, based on data from quantitative survey of 1090 hauls by means of demersal trawls during 1982 to 1985 and 1992 to 1993 in the Bohai Sea, showed that 119 fishes form the community units belong to a part of the Yellow Sea system and are comprised of warm-temperate (57.98%), and warm-water ( 28.57%) and cold-temperate (13.45%) species. The community diversity integrated indexes, such as species number, NED and BED, were single cycle seasonal fluctuations with maximum species number of 83 in October, minimum of 37 in February. The minimum of NED and BED were 5 473 individuals and 166. 68 kilogram per square meter, maximum of 170.58×10³ individuals and 1.71 tons per square meter, respectively. With regard to the index of relative importance (IRI) (Pianka, 1971), four species, half-mouthed anchovies, Setipinna taty, croakers, Collichthys niveatus, japanese anchovies, Engraulis japonicus, and small yellow croakers, Pseudosciaena polyaczics, were dominant components, and some other 27 regular components with IRI values of 50 to 1 000, along with the 5 species above were considered as important species in the Bohai Sea community during 1982 to 1985, comprising 97.83% in NED and 90.86% in BED. However, using of data from 1992 to 1993, japanese anchovies, Engraulis japonicus, is now predominant with 51.97% in NED and 38.49% in BED, partly due to decline in persistence and stability of the community.