三峡库区消落带农户生态休耕经济补偿意愿及影响因素研究

针对农户开发利用消落带耕地对三峡库区的环境影响,从意愿角度对重庆市涪陵区、丰都区247户农户进行实地调研,采用多项Logistic回归模型分析法,定量分析农户对生态休耕经济补偿需求的影响因素,为构建三峡库区环境保护经济补偿机制提供建议。研究结果表明：① 农户的经济补偿需求意愿存在较大差异;② 生态休耕比较效益、家庭人口数、家庭年人均纯收入、生态休耕意愿指数、经济补偿期望值对农户生态休耕经济补偿需求影响显著。研究结论：三峡库区消落带的受访农户对生态休耕经济补偿的需求意愿较强,构建适当的经济补偿机制满足该地区农户的补偿诉求势在必行。

Empirical Research on Household Willingness and Its Caused Factors for Economic Compensation of Eco-fallow in the Water-level Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

There is mainly slope land in the Three Gorges Reservoir, accounting for 68.8% of the total cultivated area, in which it has exceeded 25% that the slope is more than 25°. So the fundamental contradiction is intense after the reservoir storage, that is too many people and less land. When the rural resettlement have to make a choice between environmental protection and economic income, most people will choose the latter. Since unreasonable land use easily causes soil erosion and non-point source pollution, it will affect the water the reservoir environment security. According to the environmental impact of cultivation in the water-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir area, we established MNL regression to quantitative analyze the impact factors on the demand for an economic compensation of eco-fallow in order to provide recommendations, which is based on spot investigation of 247 households’ willingness in Fuling district and Fengdu district, Chongqing city. The results indicate: 1) There exists comparatively large differences amongst the household willingness on economic compensation demands which is influenced by household aging, the low comparative profit and the nonfarm income; 2) The obvious influences factors on the economic compensation mechanism of eco-fallow include comparative benefit of eco-fallow, household population, annual household net income per capita, eco-fallow willingness index, expected value of economic compensation. It is conclude: most of surveyed households are relatively strong demand for economic compensation. From the origin, the main reason is that the immigration policy did not consider the future development needs and make compensation according to the market principle in the background of that time. Now many contradictions gradually exposed in practice, the land resource rapidly decrease after reservoir storage and the immigrants lose the original income channels which result in some of immigrants become the new poverty-stricken family. So it is necessary to establish appropriate economic compensation mechanism to meet the appeal. We give some policy enlightenment for government: 1) Economic compensation must carry out against priority crowd who major engaged in farming rather than one-size-fits-all kind of compensation mode; 2) The low comparative profit is one of the main factors affecting household, for this reason the government should explore the water-level fluctuation zone by in eco-friendly manner based on environment protection; 3) The increase of households’ income will reduce dependency on land in water-level fluctuation zone, so the government must make practical efforts to transform the resources and locational advantages into actual productivity, gradually set up industrial development system.