煤矿区生态自然修复及其人工促进模式探讨

生态自然修复为国家生态修复政策的重要方向；采取有限人工措施实现煤矿区生态的自然恢复促进，符合“双碳”目标背景下的工程实际需求也更具市场应用前景。针对煤矿区3种主要受损土地类型，系统梳理生态自然修复方向的研究成果，研究分析人工促进自然修复的理念内涵，并结合煤矿区受损生态生境特征，探讨煤矿区人工促进生态自然修复的分区分类治理模式及主要技术方向。研究表明，分区分类实施人工促进措施是低扰动、高效率实现煤矿区生态自然恢复的主要策略；具体实施中可在煤矿区生态自然修复潜力评估基础上，构建基于大部免于干扰、关键局部处理原则的人工促进生态自然修复3类区域治理体系，综合选用原有植被保护与促进更新、易扩繁乡土植被建植、微区域土壤重构改良、微地形地貌塑造等技术方法，来充分挖掘煤矿区的生态自然修复潜力，并应在矿区微地形与植被恢复关系、人工促进措施实施区域选择等方面加强研究，以进一步有效提升生态治理效率、降低工程成本。本研究可为经济、高效和稳定地实现煤矿区生态治理目标提供基础理论及技术策略支撑。

Ecological natural restoration and its artificial promotion mode in coal mining area

The natural ecological restoration is an important direction of the national ecological restoration policy. Taking limited artificial measures to promote the natural ecological restoration in coal mining areas is in line with the actual engineering requirements under the context of "double carbon" goal and thus has a better prospect in market application. Herein, the research results in terms of natural ecological restoration were sorted out systematically for the three main types of damaged land in the coal mining areas. Meanwhile, the concept connotation of artificial promotion of natural restoration was studied and analyzed. Besides, the governance mode by zone and classification, and the main technical direction, of artificial promotion of natural ecological restoration were discussed in combination with the characteristics of damaged ecological habitats in coal mining areas. The research shows that the implementation of artificial promotion measures by zoning and classification is the main strategy to promote the natural ecological restoration in the coal mining area with low disturbance and high efficiency. Based on the assessment of the natural ecological restoration potential in the coal mining area, three types of regional governance systems can be established on the principles of no interference in most areas and artificial treatment in the key area for the artificial promotion of natural ecological restoration in the specific implementation. The technical methods, such as the protection and promotion of existing vegetation, the planting of native vegetation that is easy to proliferate, the reconstruction and improvement of micro-regional soil, and the shaping of micro-topography and landform, should be used to promote the natural ecological restoration potential in the coal mining areas. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the relationship between micro-topography and vegetation restoration in the mining areas, and the selection of the implementation area of artificial promotion measures, so as to effectively improve the efficiency of ecological governance and reduce the project cost. Generally, this study could provide the basic theoretical and technical strategy support for the economic, efficient and stable realization of ecological restoration objectives in the coal mining areas.