基于卫星观测的南海表层温度气候学特征及长期变化

利用高分辨率AVHRR Pathfinder卫星海表温度资料，分析了1982-2012年南海及其毗邻海区海表温度（SST）的变化趋势，并给出了近30年该海域SST的气候学特征。结果表明：南海年平均SST随纬度的增加而降低，且越靠近陆地海温梯度越大，等温线呈西南-东北向分布；南海最高、最低SST分别出现在夏季和冬季；夏季中南半岛和海南岛东侧存在相对低温区，应与西南季风和地转偏向力共同作用引起的深层冷水涌升有关；近30年南海及毗邻海区年平均SST增温趋势为0.100℃/10a，20世纪90年代末到21世纪初年平均SST处于高值期，最高值出现在1998年；南海海区四季均存在变暖趋势，冬季增温趋势最大，为0.194℃/10a，夏、春季次之，分别为0.121℃/10a和0.107℃/10a，秋季最小，为0.086℃/10a；近30年台湾海峡和中国大陆东南沿海增温最显著，最大增温值达到0.7℃/10a以上。

Climatology and Change of the South China Sea Surface Temperature Based on Satellite Observations

The climatological features and the long-term trends of sea surface temperature (SST) were analyzed for South China Sea (SCS) for period 1982-2012, using a high resolution AVHRR Pathfinder satellite SST data. Results show that the annual mean SST decreased with the increase of latitude in the SCS, and greater temperature gradient appeared in the areas closer to land, with the isotherms being in the direction of southwest to northeast. The maximum and minimum SST in the SCS appeared in summer and winter, respectively; There was a relatively low temperature area on the east of Indochina Peninsula and Hainan Island in summer, caused by cold water upwelling related to the southwest monsoon. The linear trend of annual mean SST in the SCS is 0.100℃ per decade in the past 30 years, and from the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, the SST was in a high value, with the highest SST occurring in 1998. In the past 30 years, there was a warming trend for SCS in each season, and the largest increase was 0.194℃ per decade in winter, and the smallest one is 0.086℃per decade in autumn, and the trends in summer and spring are 0.121℃ per decade and 0.107℃ per decade, respectively. The most significant warming was in Taiwan Strait and the southeastern coast of Mainland China, and the maximum increase rate even exceeded 0.7℃ per decade.