中国水资源平行定价系统和统一定价系统的比较评估:基于取消灌溉补贴的模拟研究（英文）

中国水资源定价改革对农业生产有重要影响,而中国农业生产具有很大的节水潜力。本研究将取消灌溉补贴作为模拟背景,将中国水资源平行定价系统和统一定价系统分别引入可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型进行模拟实验及比较评估。结果显示,与平行定价系统相比,统一定价系统将促进农业进口增加,减少农业产出损失,且更有利于促进水资源节约利用,同时城乡居民也可以实现收入增长和食物消费需求增加,而增加的食物消费主要来源于进口。然而,取消灌溉补贴作为一项政策建议需考虑如何降低乃至抵消其对农业产出的负面影响。此外,为进一步改善节水政策实施效果,特别是在统一定价系统下,提高农业劳动力流动性和水资源需求弹性需要得到更多关注。

Comparative Evaluation between Water Parallel Pricing System and Water Pricing System in China: A Simulation of Eliminating Irrigation Subsidy

The reform in water pricing plays a critical role in agricultural production, which is believed to have great water savings potential. We consider eliminating irrigation subsidies as a simulation and conduct a comparative evaluation between the water parallel pricing system (WPPS) and the water pricing system (WPS), which are incorporated into two computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, respectively. The results prove that, compared with WPPS, WPS would contribute higher capacities for water savings with more farming imports and less loss in farming output; households in rural and urban areas would benefit from more income and food consumption, which would be matched by increasing farming imports. A policy recommendation is that eliminating the irrigation subsidy should pay more concerns on alleviating the negative effects on farming outputs. Moreover, improvements in agricultural labor mobility and water demand elasticity are needed to enable more focus on the water conservation policy, particularly in WPS.