中国大城市保障房居民情绪幸福感影响因素 ——以广州市为例

采用在广州市13个保障房社区收集的一手数据，运用多元线性回归模型和中介效应分析技术，分析了保障房社区居民情绪幸福感影响因素。结果表明：社区建成环境（住房条件、社区建设）和社区社会环境（社区社会网络和社区凝聚力）与情绪幸福感水平显著相关，但没有证据表明社区内的保障房比重与情绪幸福感相关。此外，居民的人口与社会经济特征与其情绪幸福感显著相关。身体健康水平与情绪幸福感水平显著相关，且对于婚姻状况和住房条件与情绪幸福感的关系而言起到中介效应。因此，保障房的规划和建设要兼顾社会环境建设和物质环境建设，以提升保障房社区居民的幸福感和生活体验。

Factors Influencing Residents’ Emotional Well-being in the Affordable Housing Communities of China’s Big City: A Case Study of Guangzhou

In recent years, the scale of China’s affordable housing construction has been increasing, and affordable housing has become an important measure for improving the quality of low-income urban families, being related to the harmony and stability of the society and the realization of a better life for people. Research on affordable housing has gradually focused on the quality of life of residents rather than on the construction of the material space environment, and well-being is an important criterion for measuring the quality of residents’ life in affordable housing communities. Existing studies have found that neighborhood-built environments, neighborhood social environments, and the overall socioeconomic status of the neighborhood have a significant influence on residents’ well-being. However, few studies focus on China’s affordable housing communities and reveal the factors that influence residents’ well-being or explore the social and psychological effects of affordable housing communities. Accordingly, this study takes the emotional well-being of residents in affordable housing communities as a research entry point. Using first-hand data collected from 13 affordable housing communities in Guangzhou, this study applied a multiple linear regression model and method of mediation effect analysis to analyze the factors influencing residents’ emotional well-being in affordable housing communities. The results show that neighborhood built environmental factors, such as housing conditions and community construction, are significantly related to the level of emotional well-being. An excellent neighborhood-built environment is beneficial to the enhancement of residents’ well-being, while in poor circumstances, the neighborhood-built environment may bring negative impacts to residents’ well-being. Neighborhood social environments, like social networks in the community and community cohesion, also exert a positive influence on the emotional well-being of residents. Emotional support from community members and social interaction in the community play an active role in eliminating negative emotions such as anxiety, pressure, and depression. Besides, residents who live in communities with a higher level of cohesion tend to have a higher level of emotional well-being than their counterparts. The positive impact of the neighborhood environment found in this study is consistent with the results of existing foreign studies. Nevertheless, there is no evidence that the proportion of affordable housing in the community is relevant to emotional well-being, which is different from the results of foreign studies. Additionally, demographic characteristics and the socioeconomic status of residents, such as age and per capita living space, are also significantly related to their emotional well-being. The older the individual, the higher his or her emotional well-being. Also, residents with larger living space may have a higher level of well-being. Besides, the level of physical health is significantly associated with emotional well-being. The level of physical health plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between marital status and emotional well-being and acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between housing conditions and emotional well-being. Therefore, in the planning and construction of affordable housing, social environment and physical environment construction should be considered for enhancing the well-being and life experience of residents in affordable housing communities.