民勤绿洲生态重建目标下土地利用和农业结构调整的政策选择

水资源过度利用引起的土地退化日益威胁着绿洲地区的经济社会可持续发展.为恢复绿洲生态环境,压缩农业用水势在必行.然而压缩用水后如何保障农民收入成为实现可持续发展的关键问题之一.应用Bio-economic模型,定量模拟了压缩农业用水后农户对土地利用和农业结构调整、推广节水技术、增加非农就业机会等政策措施的行为响应.结果显示,压缩农业用水后农民收入将下降到压缩前的53%;调整农业结构、推广闸管灌等节水灌溉技术和增加非农就业机会,可以在不同程度上缓解压缩农业用水造成的农民收入损失.不同区域农户响应行为有所差异,应因地制宜地采取配套措施.劳动力相对紧张、人均收入较高的泉山区,可提供一次性补贴鼓励闸管灌的采用;人多地少、集约化程度较高的坝区,应在加强推广闸管灌技术的同时,增加非农就业机会;生态脆弱的湖区,政策重点应放在劳动力转移上.上述措施最终只能使农民收入恢复到压缩用水前的75%,因此应该考虑给农民提供生态补偿,并积极探索增加农民收入的新途径.

Farmers' land use decision and policy choices for ecological restoration under constraints of water resources in oasis region of China

Land degradation and desertification due to excessive water use has become a severe problem in arid and semi-arid areas.It is urgently needed to reduce agricultural water use and save water resource for ecological restoration. However,reduction in water allocation to agricultural activities will cause a decrease in agricultural production. It has been recognized that extension of water-saving irrigation and off-farm employment are important to alleviate shortage of water resource.This paper focuses upon far...