Linkages among halocline variability,shelf-basin interaction,and wind regimes in the Beaufort Sea demonstrated in pan-Arctic Ocean modeling framework |
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| Institution: | 1. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 E. Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA;2. National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-6349, USA;3. Department of Geography and Geoinformation Sciences, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;4. ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research & Services, P.O. Box 80410, Fairbanks, AK 99708, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China;2. Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 43221, USA;3. Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China;4. Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China;5. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, 14473, Germany;1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No. 36 Baochu North Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310012, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China;1. Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Room 140, Stanford, CA 94305, United States;2. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA, United States;3. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States |
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| Abstract: | To address the mechanisms controlling halocline variability in the Beaufort Sea, the relationship between halocline shoaling/deepening and surface wind fields on seasonal to decadal timescales was investigated in a numerical experiment. Results from a pan-Arctic coupled sea ice-ocean model demonstrate reasonable performances for interannual and decadal variations in summer sea ice extent in the entire Arctic and in freshwater content in the Canada Basin. Shelf-basin interaction associated with Pacific summer and winter transport depends on basin-scale wind patterns and can have a significant influence on halocline variability in the southern Beaufort Sea. The eastward transport of fresh Pacific summer water along the northern Alaskan coast and Ekman downwelling north of the shelf break are commonly enhanced by cyclonic wind in the Canada Basin. On the other hand, basin-wide anti-cyclonic wind induces Ekman upwelling and blocks the eastward current in the Beaufort shelf-break region. Halocline shoaling/deepening due to shelf-water transport and surface Ekman forcing consequently occur in the same direction. North of the Barrow Canyon mouth, the springtime down-canyon transport of Pacific winter water, which forms by sea ice production in the Alaskan coastal polynya, thickens the halocline layer. The model result indicates that the penetration of Pacific winter water prevents the local upwelling of underlying basin water to the surface layer, especially in basin-scale anti-cyclonic wind periods. |
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