多年冻土区热融湖研究现状与展望

热融湖是多年冻土区地下冰融化形成的典型地貌单元,热融湖及其变化对多年冻土热状态、水文过程、生态环境、冻土工程稳定性等有着重要的影响. 热融湖还是重要的温室气体源,与全球气候系统存在着复杂而显著的互馈过程,是气候与环境变化的指示器. 因此,开展热融湖的相关研究是近年来冻土学研究的热点之一. 通过文献综述,从以下方面评述了热融湖研究的现状与进展：1) 热融湖形态特征及其演化过程;2) 热融湖热状况及其热效应研究;3) 热融湖和多年冻土区土壤-植被生态系统的相互作用研究;4) 热融湖对大气中温室气体的贡献. 最后,讨论了该领域目前面临的主要问题,提出了应在热融湖演化的基础理论、动态变化过程的预测、热融湖的冻土水文效应、区域尺度热融湖与冻土、生态、水文和气候耦合过程的综合等方面进一步开展研究,为定量预测和评价冻土区热融湖环境工程效应,应发展不同尺度的计算模型.

Research on Thermokarst Lakes in Permafrost Regions: Present State and Prospect

Thermokarst lake is a typical landform in ice-rich permafrost regions. Thermokarst lake plays an essential role in permafrost distribution, frozen soil hydrology, ecological system and environment in permafrost regions and is a hot topic in recent decades. In this paper, the recent progress in the research on thermokarst lakes is reviewed from the following four aspects: (1) the evolution and morphologic change process of thermokarst lake and the reason of natural thermokarst lake's drainage; (2) the thermal regime and thermal erosion of thermokarst lakes and the influence of thermokarst lake on the permafrost; (3) the interaction between thermokarst lake and ecological system; (4) the emission of greenhouse gas related to thermokarst lake variation. Finally, the major problems in the recent researches are discussed. Based on this review, a prospect on potential research directions and new focuses are presented.