中俄原油管道沿线多年冻土环境及管道施工技术探讨

选取中俄原油管道沿线位于多年冻土区的漠河-乌尔其段为研究区域, 分析了管道工程对多年冻土环境的影响以及冻土退化所带来的一系列生态环境问题, 并研究了冻土环境变化对管道工程的影响. 针对冻土区管道工程施工的相关问题, 提出了不同施工迹地的施工方式及相对应的冻土环境保护措施: 施工作业带的清理;取弃土的处理;施工便道、伴行道的修建及不同地段施工便道与伴行路路基最小高度的确定;施工营地、料场的设计及布设;管沟开挖时基坑暴露时间的计算, 多年冻土区管道工程的施工等.中俄输油管道是我国首条通过多年冻土区的大口径原油管道, 研究结果可为中俄输油管道及今后寒区工程建设过程中的环境保护提供科学依据.

Discussion of the Permafrost Environment and Pipeline Construction Technique Along the China-Russia Pipeline

Focusing the studying area of the Mohe-Wuerqi section, where permafrost develops along the China-Russia Pipeline, the impact of the pipeline construction on the permafrost environment and the ecological environmental problems due to permafrost degradation were analyzed. The effect of environment change on the pipeline engineering is pointed out as well. Aiming at the problems in pipeline construction in permafrost regions, both pipeline construction technique and protection measure of permafrost environment is put forward, such as, cleaning up the working area, spoil management, preparation of the construction road and the determination of the embankment height, design of the construction campsite and stock yard, calculation of the exposure duration of excavation, pipeline construction in permafrost region. Since the China-Russia Pipeline is the first crude oil pipeline with large diameter passing through permafrost regions in China, the study is expected to be useful in permafrost environment protection, in the pipeline construction and other engineering in cold regions.