2011年一次蒙古气旋黑风暴过程综合分析

利用高空及地面常规观测资料、T639的物理量初始场和12 h以内的预报资料、锡林浩特市沙尘暴监测站的沙尘暴器测PM10、NEP、VIS资料,对2011年5月11日发生在锡林郭勒盟北部的黑风暴过程进行综合分析。结果表明:(1）700 hPa以下形成的伸展高度较高的混合层和超绝热层,为黑风暴的发生提供了非常有利的条件;(2）高空急流下落至700 hPa左右与700 hPa以下的混合层很好衔接为此次沙尘暴过程动量下传提供必要条件;(3）高空急流与地面气旋的配置为气旋的加强、特强沙尘暴维持较长时间提供有利的条件;(4）地面气象要素与沙尘暴器测微气象要素的变化很好地反映了沙尘暴发生期间的特征;(5）地面气象要素、器测微气象要素、多个物理量场的变化很好地反映了强沙尘暴的特性。

Comprehensive Analysis on a Black Storm Event Caused by Mongolian Cyclone in 2011

The development process of a black storm occurred over the northern part of Xilin Gol League on May 11, 2011 was analyzed via upper air and surface observation data, T639 initialized physical field data as well as forecast data of future 12 hours, and PM10, NEP, and VIS of sandstorm apparatus data. (1) The mixed layer with a high extension height and the super-adiabatic layer below 700 hPa made great contributions to the development of the severe sandstorm; (2) The good mosaic of the upper level jet sinking to 700 hPa and the mixed layer below 700 hPa was favorable to the downward transportation of upper air momentum; (3) The suitable mosaic of upper level jet and the surface cyclone became advantages for the further development of cyclone and a long life of the severe sandstorm; (4) The characteristics during the developing period of sandstorms could be performed perfectly via the variations of surface weather elements as well as the micro-weather elements detected by apparatus; (5) The characteristics of severe sandstorms could also be revealed by the variations of surface weather elements, micro-weather elements and several physical fields.