20世纪初叶以来中国地理学研究范式特征与发展

“范式”一词于20世纪70年代由库恩基于科学哲学提出，并逐渐为科学界接受。同时，各学科学者借用库恩的“范式”概念和“研究程序”思想而构建出本学科的研究范式。因此，使得各学科间的研究范式既具有相对独立性又存在联系性。地理学也因此形成自己的研究范式。中国近现代地理学作为世界地理学的重要组成部分，深受其思想与方法的影响。因此，系统地认识20世纪初叶以来我国地理学研究范式的发展历程十分必要。采用“历史”与“逻辑”统一的原则对地理学研究范式的含义与意义及我国地理学研究范式历史的认识进行研究得出：中国地理学经历了区域因果关系范式到空间范式的继承与转变；我国近现代地理学范式的发展始终是“显范式”（冠予“范式”一词的研究方法）与“潜范式”（未冠予“范式”一词的研究方法）并存发展的；我国人文地理学研究范式与应用多以“显范式”为主，自然地理学多以“潜范式”为主；所有地理学研究范式都遵循地理学空间思想指导；未来地理学研究范式将朝向定量化、技术化、空间化、社会性和文化性方向及格局、过程、机制及模拟发展，朝向科学第四范式迈进。

Characteristics and Development of Paradigms in Chinese Geography since the Early Years of the 20th Century

The word Paradigm, which was raised by Kuhn in the 1970s based on the philosophy of science，is accepted gradually by academic cicles. According to Kuhn’s ideas and study programs the scholars of different disciplines have developed different paradigms for their own disciplines. Those paradigms were independent but also relative. Geography has it’s own paradigm specially. The modern geography in China is affected by the ideas and methods of that in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to understand systematically the history of the paradigm of Chinese geography in the 20th century. In this article, the history and logic are unified to research the meaning and significance of paradigm of Geography and their cognition in China. The results are as follows: the modern geography of China has experienced the changes from inherited regional paradigm to spatial paradigm. The “sensible paradigm” and “potential paradigm” have always coexisted through the development of modern geography of China since the early 20th century. The paradigm used in modern human geography of China is mostly the sensible paradigm while that in physical geography mostly the potential one. All the geography paradigms in China follow the rule of the geographical space thought. In future the paradigms would develop toward the models of quantification, technicalization of GIS, sociality and culture, and their patterns, procedures, mechanism and simulation toward the fourth scientific paradigm.