天空地协同遥感监测精准应急服务体系构建与示范

近些年,全球极端天气事件增多、自然灾害加剧、暴力恐怖活动激增,给社会稳定和人民生命财产安全造成极大危害。如何综合利用各种现代信息技术,聚合分析天空地多源多维异构数据,实现精准应急服务与指挥决策,是实施"一带一路"国家重大战略的重要支撑。突发事件复杂多样,而以往的应急信息服务过于粗放,急需建立天空地协同的精准应急服务技术体系。天空地协同遥感监测精准应急服务体系构建与示范项目于2016年7月立项,将围绕地震灾害、暴恐事件、冬奥会和电网应急保障4种应急服务需求,以遥感技术为核心,协同多种空间信息技术,通过3年的技术攻关与应用示范,改变以往粗放、漫灌式的信息服务,构建新的精准应急服务技术体系,解决多源应急信息彼此孤立、割裂的难题。本文概要介绍了该项目的目的意义、总体目标、研究内容与方法、预期效益等,旨在为相关领域科研工作和后续重点专项立项提供参考,并通过交流,深入思考如何更好地实现预期目标。

Precise emergency service system construction and demonstration through synergy observation of spaceborne, airborne, and ground remote sensing

In recent years, extreme global weathers have gradually become more frequent. Natural disasters have also become more serious, and violent terrorist activities dramatically surged. These occurrences cause considerable harm to people''s lives, property, and social stability. Emergency responses for earthquakes over magnitude six and violent terrorist attacks, as well as prompt supports for important events, such as Winter Olympics, and electricity network transmission, have become especially urgent in the background of global climate change and the rapid development of China. Achieving precise emergency services and decision-making through the integration of various modern information technologies and the comprehensive analysis of multi-source and multi-dimensional heterogeneous data obtained from spaceborne, airborne, and ground measurements are vital supports for implementing the "One Belt, One Road" national strategy.Emergencies are usually complex and diverse, and conventional emergency information services are too extensive. Therefore, establishing a precise emergency service system based on cooperative remote sensing monitoring is urgent. In response to this significant demand of diverse emergencies, the "Precise emergency service system construction and demonstration through synergy observation of spaceborne, airborne, and ground remote sensing" program (No. 2016YFB0502500) is initiated in July 2016 with the support of the National Key Research and Development Plan. The project will be conducted by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with 13 other research institutes, universities, and enterprises.This project aims to do the following:(1) focus on the four categories of the most representative emergency services in natural disaster, social events, major social events, and lifeline engineering; (2) study the standards and specifications of emergency monitoring service of remote sensing; (3) overcome difficulties in cooperative monitoring, analyzing comprehensive data, and extracting precise information; (4) build emergency services and dispatching platform; and (5) conduct demonstration of emergency response service along the route of "One Belt, One Road" and around the sensitive areas. This project will change the past extensive flooding pattern of information services, establish a new precise emergency service system, and address the long-standing problem, in which multiple sources of emergency information are usually isolated and separated from each other after three years of technical research and demonstration.This project mainly includes six parts:(1) study the evolution process and mechanism of emergency, and establish an overall program for emergency response; (2) study the institutional mechanisms of remote sensing emergency services for cooperative networking observation, and establish emergency services standards; (3) research cooperative observation methods for multi-platform collaborations and create transmission links for emergency data; (4) discover the key techniques for fast spatial data processing, emergency information extraction, and customization services; (5) secure extendable precision emergency services and dispatching platform that integrates remote sensing, communication, and navigation technologies; and (6) conduct combat-type demonstrations on precise customization and command of emergency services.The results of the project will be used in safe guarding UHV transmission lines along the China-Pakistan economic corridor, as well as the China-Kazakhstan and China-Russia routes, thereby producing significant economic benefits. Simultaneously, precise emergency services will reduce the loss of life and property significantly, enhance the accurate detection of terrorism, and assist in responding to abnormal weather effectively. In summary, the project will push the deployment of "One Belt, One Road" strategy effectively by demonstrating regionally, promoting economic prosperity and social stability, and enhancing the influence of China globally.