A three-dimensional numerical investigation of the fracture of rock specimens containing a pre-existing surface flaw |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;2. Earth System Science Computational Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;3. Centre for Geotechnical and Materials Modelling, Department of Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;4. Golder Geomechanics Centre, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;5. School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey;3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq;1. School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China;2. College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China;3. School of Civil Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China;1. Department of Construction, University of Burgos. EPS, Calle Villadiego s/n, Burgos, Spain;2. LADICIM (Laboratory of Materials Science and Engineering) University of Cantabria, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Av/Los Castros, Santander, Spain;3. Department of Civil Engineering. University of Burgos. EPS, Calle Villadiego s/n, Burgos, Spain;1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Burgos, c/Villadiego, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation & Technology, Saint Louis University, 3450 Lindell Blvd, 63103 Saint Louis, MO, USA;3. E. I. Minera e Industrial de Almadén, UCLM, Pza. Manuel Meca 1, 13400 Almadén, Spain;4. E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, C. y P., UCLM, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;1. Institut de Physique de Globe de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS UMR 7516, France;2. Center for Rock Instability and Seismicity Research, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China |
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| Abstract: | Three-dimensional surface crack initiation and propagation in two kinds of heterogeneous rocks were numerically investigated via parallel finite element analysis using a supercomputer. Numerically simulated rock specimens containing a pre-existing flaw were subjected to uniaxial compression until failure. The initiation and propagation of wing cracks, anti-wing cracks, and shell-like cracks were reproduced by numerical simulations. The numerically simulated results demonstrate that the further propagation of wing cracks and shell-like cracks stop due to their wrapping (curving) behavior in three-dimensional spaces, even if the applied loads continue to increase. Furthermore, rock heterogeneity could significantly influence crack propagation patterns and the peak uniaxial compressive strengths of rock specimens. Moreover, anti-wing cracks only appeared in relatively heterogeneous rocks, and the peak uniaxial compressive strengths of the specimens were observed to depend on the inclination of the pre-existing flaw. Finally, the mechanism of surface crack propagation is discussed in the context of numerically simulated anti-plane loading tests, wherein it was identified that Mode III loading (anti-plane loading) does not lead to Mode III fracture in rocks due to their high ratio of uniaxial compressive strength to tensile strength. This finding could explain the lateral growth of an existing flaw in its own plane, which is a phenomenon that has not been observed in laboratory experiments. |
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