铀矿沉积学研究与发展

随着铀矿床尤其是砂岩型铀矿勘探和开发的迅速发展,砂岩型铀矿沉积学的概念应运而生。铀矿沉积学是研究沉积盆地形成演化过程中铀的成矿作用、形成环境、含铀岩（层）系特征,以及沉积作用控制下铀的富集机理和分布规律的学科。它综合了铀矿地质学、盆地分析等学科的内容,具有较明显的学科交叉特点。砂岩型铀矿沉积学是铀矿沉积学最典型的代表,它以盆地分析、砂岩型铀矿地质学为重要理论平台,结合沉积学技术方法,具体研究砂岩型铀矿形成的物质来源、成岩作用与铀的预富集、沉积物的结构构造与渗透性、沉积体系与含铀岩系分析、流体作用与后期改造、层序地层与铀的空间分布、铀富集因素与沉积和古气候环境,沉积作用因素与砂岩型铀矿预测,以及管理信息化的三维可视化建模等。以新疆伊犁盆地、吐哈盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地北部等地区代表性砂岩铀矿为实例,从铀矿聚集与沉积物形成—演化过程、沉积物特征及沉积体系分析与铀矿聚集、层序地层学与铀聚集作用等方面分析了铀矿沉积学研究的最新进展和认识。同时对铀矿沉积学的发展趋势进行了展望:认为砂岩铀矿“大规模成矿作用”和铀的“超常富集”关键地质环境、含铀岩系沉积与铀的空间分布、多种高新分析测试技术的应用等方面将是铀矿沉积学未来研究和发展的重点。由于铀矿沉积学与人类生存环境关系的重要性,并且其涉及沉积学学科的方方面面,因此有理由相信,铀矿沉积学未来可能作为沉积学的一个独立分支学科将得到更好的研究和发展。

Study and Prospect for Sedimentology of Uranium Deposit

With the rapid development of the exploration and development of uranium deposit, especially sandstone-type uranium deposits,the sedimentology of sandstone-type uranium deposit is proposed. The sedimentology of the u-ranium deposits is a branch of learning to research uranium mineralization,forming environment,characteristics of u-ranium-bearing rock series,and the enrichment mechanism and distribution of uranium under sedimentary control dur-ing the formation and evolution of sedimentary basins. It combines uranium geology, basin analysis and other disci-plines,having the obvious interdisciplinary characteristics. The sedimentology of sandstone-type uranium deposits is the most typical representative of uranium deposit sedimentology, it is on the basis of basin analysis and sandstone-type uranium geology,combining sedimentological techniques, make a specific study on sandstone-type uranium de-posit formation of material source,diagenesis and the preliminary enrichment of uranium,sediment structure and per-meability, depositional system and uranium-bearing rock series analysis, fluid effect and later reformation, sequence stratigraphic and the spatial distribution of uranium,uranium enrichment factor and sedimentation and the ancient cli-mate environment,sedimentation factors and prediction of sandstone type uranium deposits, as well as the manage-ment informationization of 3D visual modeling, and so on. In this paper, the representative sandstone type uranium deposits of Yili Basin,Turpan-Hami basin which are in Xinjiang Province and the north of Ordos Basin are taken as an example. We analyze the latest development and cognition of sedimentary uranium deposit study about it from three aspects,including the relationship between the uranium accumulation and sediment formation -evolution process、the relationship between the characteristics of sediments and depositional system analysis and uranium accumulation and the relationship between the sequence stratigraphy and accumulation effect of the uranium. Meanwhile, the develop-ment trend of the sedimentology of the uranium deposits is prospected. And we think that"large-scale mineralization"of sandstone uranium and the key geological environment of "exceptional enrichment" of uranium, rock uranium de-posit and the spatial distribution of uranium and a variety of applications of high and new analytical techniques will be the focus of future research and development of uranium sedimentology.Because the relationship between the sedimen-tology of the uranium deposits and human existence is important,and the sedimentology of the uranium deposits is re-lated among many aspects of sedimentary science,it is reasonable to believe that the future of the sedimentology of the uranium deposits may be an independent branch of sedimentology and will be well studied and developed.