从第三极到北极： 湖冰研究进展

在全球气候变暖背景下， 第三极和北极地区的增温尤其明显， 冰冻圈对气候变化有着更为敏感的响应。湖冰作为冰冻圈的重要组成部分， 其变化不仅是气候的指示器， 同时也通过改变能量平衡、 大气环流、 辐射平衡等影响区域气候。通过对比不同观测手段及主要模型模拟方法在湖冰研究中的优缺点及适用性， 总结了第三极和北极湖冰变化的时空特征， 结果表明：第三极和北极地区湖冰均显示初冰日推迟、 消融日提前、 封冻期缩短的趋势； 第三极和北极地区湖冰厚度呈持续减少趋势； 未来湖冰的这些变化将更加显著。第三极和北极地区湖冰的变化主要受到气温的影响， 同时也受到风速、 湖泊理化性质的限制。在系统梳理第三极和北极地区湖冰变化的基础上， 总结了湖冰研究面临的问题和挑战， 为未来湖冰研究提供科学依据。

Lake ice changes in the Third Pole and the Arctic

The temperature increases significantly in the Third Pole and the Arctic in the context of global warming. The cryosphere has a more sensitive response to climate change. Lake ice is an important part of the cryosphere in these regions. Its change is not only an indicator of climate change， but also affects the regional climate by changing the energy balance， atmospheric circulation， and radiation balance. This paper compared the advantages and disadvantages and the applicability of different observation methods， model simulation methods for lake ice. It also summarized the temporal and spatial characteristics of lake ice changes in the Third Pole and the Arctic. The results showed that lake ice in the Third Pole and the Arctic presented a delayed trend of initial ice day， early melting onset day， and shortened ice duration. The thickness of lake ice continuously decreased in the Third Pole and the Arctic. These changes in lake ice would be more significant in the future. The change of lake ice was mainly affected by temperature and also affected by temperature， restrictions on wind speed and physical and chemical properties of the lake. Besides， this article also pointed out the problems and challenges of the lake ice research and provided a scientific basis for future research in lake ice.