河流水系连通性机制及计算方法综述

河流水系连通性具有水文调蓄、保障生物迁徙通畅、改善水土环境等功能，目前主要从水文、景观和生态等方面对其进行了定义，而河流水系连通性对社会发展也发挥着重要作用，故河流水系连通性具有自然和社会双重属性，其连通性机制主要表现为纵向、横向、垂向连通性。目前主要从景观学、水文学、水力学、生态学等学科角度提出了图论法、水文-水力学法、景观法、生物法和综合指标法等计算方法，各方法有其适用性和不足，应用中须针对实际问题选择适宜方法或进行修正。河流水系连通性未来研究应综合多尺度、多领域、多学科，在研究内容上，重点开展尺度协同、连通性含义界定、响应机理及修复问题研究，在研究手段上，重点开展多方法、多技术集成问题研究。

Review of mechanism and quantifying methods of river system connectivity

"Connectivity" in a river ecosystem originated from landscape ecology, which plays a significant role in hydrological cycle, wildlife migration, and environment improvement. Now days, from the subjects of landscape, hydrology and ecology, many definitions of river system connectivity have been delimited as hydrological connectivity, landscape connectivity, and ecological connectivity, respectively, which are characterized as natural attribution. However, due to the role of human on a river system, river system connectivity should have social attributes and its concept should be extended to cover social connectivity as well. The connotation of connectivity could be illustrated from the mechanism of longitudinal connectivity and lateral connectivity and vertical connectivity. Particularly, these interaction mechanisms are dynamic. Many quantifying methods of connectivity, such as graphic method, hydrological and hydraulic method, landscape method, biological method and comprehensive index method, have been developed. However, as all these methods have their own limitation and disadvantages, they should be suited for many problems after being modified. In advance, it could be focused on research contents, methods and techniques. In the aspect of research contents, it should be significant to extend the connotation of the connectivity and investigate the responding mechanisms to many acting factors and develop the suitable measures of recovery connectivity. What's more, it should be paid attention to the fit scales and develop new methods and tools with integrated mathematic, landscape, hydrological models with GIS, network techniques and ect.