黑龙江呼玛段炸药破冰试验研究

黑龙江几乎每年开河期都有不同程度的冰坝发生， 由此引发的洪水泛滥给人们生命财产带来了巨大损失， 而防凌爆破是预防冰坝发生的主要手段之一。为了确保开河期间不发生因冰坝造成的凌汛灾害， 2018年开河前在黑龙江呼玛段实施防凌爆破。通过冰厚、 水深同步测量的冰水情数据分析， 找到河道狭窄、 流速缓慢的地方为冰坝潜在发生的位置， 采取针对性的爆破。分析了爆破坑实测直径与炸药用量、 冰厚、 水深间的关系， 并将爆破后呼玛段测量数据带入本项目组提出的爆破坑半径计算新公式中， 计算值和实测值较为接近， 可为北方高寒区河流冰下爆破提供参考。

Experimental study of anti-ice blasting with explosive in Huma section of the Heilongjiang River

Ice dams of different degrees occur almost every year in Heilongjiang River during the ice cover breaking up period， and the resulting flood causes huge losses of people’s lives and property， and anti-ice blasting is one of the main means to prevent the occurrence of ice dams. In order to ensure that ice jam flood disasters caused by ice dams do not occur when ice cover breaking up on a river， anti-ice blasting should carry out in the Huma section of the Heilongjiang River before ice cover breaking up in 2018. Through analysis of ice-water data including measured synchronously ice thickness and water depth， it was found that the narrow and slow flow channel is the potential location of ice dam and should be taken blasting measures. The relationship between the measured diameter of the blasting pit and the amount of explosive， ice thickness and water depth is analyzed， and the measured data in Huma section during blasting are brought into new equation for calculating the radius of blasting pit. The calculated value is close to the measured value， which would be useful for the anti-ice blasting in the northern cold regions.