青藏高原及其周边地区冰川融水径流无机水化学特征研究进展

冰川融水径流是冰川流域物质运移的重要通道， 对其水化学特征和变化的研究有助于揭示冰川作用区物质的生物地球化学循环过程， 并为认识和评价冰川消融对自然环境和人类生活的影响提供基础。青藏高原及其周边地区分布着除两极以外最大储量的冰川， 近年来在气候变暖背景下冰川加速退缩消融。该地区冰川融水径流中各类化学组分的变化及其气候环境效应研究逐渐成为热点。因此， 通过概述青藏高原冰川融水径流中无机化学组分的含量和时空变化特征， 并总结离子和元素的主要来源及常用的物源追踪手段， 进一步综合分析得到： 冰川融水径流中离子和微量元素的含量及变化特征受冰川消融、 基岩性质、 径流水文特征和其他水体物理化学过程等因子和过程的共同影响。在总结该研究领域现存问题的基础上进行了展望， 认为应加强观测和基础数据积累， 厘清无机水化学组分的输移规律， 深入揭示影响水化学组分变化的多因素的协同拮抗作用机制， 评价冰川融水径流水化学的气候环境效应， 为应对青藏高原冰川消融带来的环境变化提供科学指导。

Advances on inorganic hydrochemistry of glacial meltwater runoff in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas

Glacier meltwater runoff is an important channel in the migration of chemicals. Study on the hydrochemistry of glacier meltwater is helpful to reveal the biogeochemical cycle of the chemicals in the glacierized zones and serve as basis for understanding and evaluating the impact of glacier melting on the environment and human life. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas hold the largest amount of glaciers outside the polar regions， and glaciers on the plateau have been retreating at an accelerated rate under the context of warming climate. Studies on the changes of various inorganic chemicals in glacial meltwater runoff and its climatic and environmental effects have been increasingly recognized as a hot topic. In this review， we reviewed studies on the concentrations and spatio-temporal variations of the inorganic chemical species in glacial meltwater runoff in the plateau. In addition， we summarized the main sources of the inorganic chemicals and the quantitative and qualitative methods of provenance determination. It is suggested that the contents and spatio-temporal variation of inorganic chemical species in glacial meltwater were influenced by the melting of glaciers， the properties of bedrocks， the hydrological characteristics of the meltwater runoff and some hydro-physiochemical processes. We summarized the deficiencies of the current research on the inorganic hydrochemistry of meltwater runoff in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas， and proposed the future research needs. It is necessary to strengthen data accumulation and the spatial -time scale of field observation， to clarify the transport mechanism and rule of inorganic chemicals， to reveal the synergistic and antagonistic effects of multiple factors on the hydrochemistry， and to evaluate the effects of glacial meltwater hydrochemistry on the climate and environment. All these research will provide scientific guidance for dealing with the environmental impact of glacier ablation over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.