高浓度悬浮泥沙的声学观测

在分析高浓度悬浮泥沙的声衰减机理和进行实验研究的基础上,研制了两种型号的超声波观测仪器(UBD-500/1500超声重度计)用于悬浮泥沙浓度剖面的连续和实时观测,并且已经在长江口航道的浮泥探测、黄河小浪底水库的泥沙观测中得到应用.讨论了测量原理和仪器的设计、标定等问题.这种基于声衰减测量原理的观测仪器的主要优点是标定简便和稳定,含沙量观测范围为10～800kg/m3,标定后的测量误差可达±5%(F.S).

Acoustic observation of thick suspended-sediments

Based on theoretical and experimental studies of acoustic attenuation in thick suspended sediments, two types of acoustic observation instruments for real-time measurements of the bulk-density profile of suspended-sediments (UBD-500/1500 ultrasonic bulk-density meter) have been developed and applied to surveying the fluidmud in the Changjiang waterway and to the observations of mud and sand in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Huanghe River.The principle of measurement and design and calibration of the instrument are discussed in detail.The specifications of the instruments are as follows: the range of measurement is 800 kg/m3 (for UBD-500) and 50 kg/m3 (for UBD-1500), the error of measurement is ±5% (F.S.).Comparing with other kinds of instruments for measuring suspended sediments (OBS, ABS, infr ared or γ-ray meter), the main advantage of the ultrasonic bulk density meter by way of acoustic attenuation measurement is that the calibration to the instrument is relatively more stable and easier.