依巴谷星表和第谷星表的特征和意义

主要论述依巴谷星表和第谷星表的观测特征和天体测量特征，依巴谷卫星在短期内同时测定大量高精度的恒星位置，自行和视差等五个天体测量参数以及星等和色指数，依巴谷星表和第谷星表为建立高精度的光学参考系，为研究恒星的起源，演化，分布，质量，大小和光度等，为研究双星和聚星的分布和运动，为研究星系运动和星系动力学提供了大量的高精度资料，具有重要的科学意义。

Characteristics and Significance of the Hipparcos and the Tycho Catalogues

We summarized the observational and astrometric Characteristics of the Hipparcos and the Tycho Catalogues, which consist of respectively 118218 and 1058332 stars with the five parameters in position, parallax and proper motion as well as the magnitude and the colour indices. The catalogues provide precisely a vast data to construct the accurate optical reference frame. We discuss their scientific significance for stellar formation, evolution, mass, size, luminosity and their distribution. We also present the impact on the studies of binary star, multiple star and galactic dynamics and kinematics.