鲁西北地区土地现实生产力调查与估算

以鲁西北地区县级1∶5万土壤类型图图斑作为基础评价单元,根据农户现有的投入水平,采用“调查法”模拟分析农业土地资源的现实生产力,并与统计资料和“机制法”模型模拟结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,现实投入水平下鲁西北地区夏玉米单产略高于冬小麦单产,对冬小麦的投入从整体上来看相当于中等投入,但又存在着区域差异。对夏玉米的投入具有南北向的差异,由南到北投入水平逐渐降低。鲁西北地区土地现实生产力以宁津县最高,庆云县最低,与“机制法”模型模拟结果比较,各县市之间土地生产潜力差距较大。由此可以说明,各县市土壤质量本身对土地年生产力的大小起着重要作用,进一步证明“调查法”能充分反映土壤在土地综合性质中的主要作用。

Survey and estimation of current agricultural land productivity based on large scale soil mapping unit: taking northwestern Shandong as a case

Based on spatial database of 1∶50000 soil map at county level in northwestern Shandong, according to farmer’s current devotion, current agricultural productivity of land resources was estimated using an "investigation method" and the results were compared with actual production records in statistical yearbook and simulation result using relevant computing models of mechanism methodology in this paper. Results indicate that: 1) Per unit area yields of winter wheat and summer corn of each soil type are divided into 5 classes under current management level, and per unit area yield of winter wheat changes from 1920 kg/ha to 7160 kg/ha. That of summer corn is slightly higher than winter wheat and changes from²730 kg/ha to 7725 kg/ha. 2)The management for winter wheat production is at a moderate level, with a small regional difference. However, there is a regular spatial change in the management of summer corn, and it shows a decrease in input from south to north, which is consistent with perceptual knowledge in spot check. 3) The current annual agricultural productivity of land resources changes from 10284 kg/ha to 12789 kg/ha, and the average amounts to 11358 kg/ha each year. Among all counties, Ningjin county has the highest annual productivity, which is 12789 kg/ha each year, and Qingyun county has the lowest, which is 10284 kg/ha each year. Compared with simulation result of mechanism methodology, the differences of potential land productivity between counties are more obvious than those of practical land productivity. As a result, soil quality contributes considerably to the practical agricultural productivity of land resources. The "investigation method" is proved to be effective for investigating land productivity. Moreover, it showed that the devotion in agricultural production has regional heterogeneousness among all counties. The results have important and realistic meanings for programming and layout of grain production.