青海玉树隆宝高寒湿地近地面能量收支状况研究

基于青海玉树隆宝湿地2011年10月-2012年9月气象观测数据, 利用组合法计算其近地面的感热通量和潜热通量, 进而分析近地面能量收支状况. 结果表明: 隆宝湿地太阳辐射资源充足, 达6 770.8 MJ·m^-2, 受积雪影响, 冬季日反射率最高可达0.93; 11月和12月地面吸收的90%以上短波能量以辐射形式传给大气, 而6月份则不到30%. 地面全年以净辐射和土壤热通量吸收能量, 其中, 77%以潜热形式支出, 23%以感热形式支出, 但各月能量收支特征与之有所不同.

Study of surface energy budget over alpine wetland in Longbao,Yushu Prefecture,Qinghai Province

Based on the observation from October, 2011 to September, 2012 on Longbao alpine wetland, using the synthetic method, the sensible heat fluxes and latent heat fluxes were calculated, and then the energy budget on the surface was analyzed. The results indicate that the annual total radiation is abundant (6 770.8 MJ·m^-2), among them, more than 550 MJ·m^-2 is gotten from March to September. The highest albedo is 92.9% in winter, when new snow cover form. There are 1 705.6 MJ·m^-2 of reflect radiation annually and 5 065.7 MJ·m^-2 of annual shortwave radiation. There is more than 90% of shortwave radiation absorbed into ground surface transmitting to atmosphere by radiation in November and December, less than 30% in June. Surface absorbs energy into deep soil from October to March but radiates energy from April to September. On the whole, the surface absorbs energy by net radiation and soil heat annually, and of the income energy, 77% is spent through latent heat and 23% through sensible heat. However, the monthly energy budget changes from month to month.