基于谷歌地球引擎平台的海上养殖信息提取方法研究——以福建省平潭县为例

海上养殖业对粮食安全有着至关重要的作用。然而，海上养殖的无序扩张和开发，阻碍了海上交通，同时也造成了海洋环境问题。为及时、准确地获取海上养殖信息，满足海岸带调查以及推进海上养殖规范化、科学化，提出一种基于谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine, GEE)平台实现长时间序列下海上养殖区信息快速提取的方法。本研究构建了一个基于随机森林分类的海上养殖区信息提取模型，该模型综合利用了Sentinel 1卫星SAR影像数据的VV和VH极化波段，以及Sentinel 2卫星的多光谱影像数据。此外，模型还融合了4个用于增强养殖区特征的指数，以提高养殖区域信息提取的准确性和效率。这种方法的应用旨在优化海上养殖区的识别过程，通过精确分析和利用不同数据源的互补优势，展现了〖JP2〗遥感技术在海洋养殖监测领域的巨大潜力。本研究对2017—2021年平潭县海上养殖区域进行判定与提取，实验结果表明，以养殖密度较低，养殖特征不明显为特征的海上养殖区，基于GEE平台的海上养殖区信息提取方法精度在90%以上，表明在复杂水体背景下对养殖区快速识别取得较好的效果，可为海上养殖科学规划与规范化管理提供有效的参考依据。

Extraction of coastal aquaculture data based on Google Earth Engine with case study in Pingtan County, Fujian Province

Coastal aquaculture is an important part of marine economic development and plays a vital role in food security. However, the disorderly expansion and development of coastal aquaculture has hindered maritime traffic and also caused marine environmental problems. In order to obtain coastal aquaculture data timely and accurately for the coastal zone survey and for the standardization and reasonable coastal aquaculture, this paper proposes a method based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform for a rapid information extraction of coastal aquaculture area in long time series. We used Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 satellite image data to construct an extraction model based on random forest classification, determined and extracted the coastal culture area of Pingtan county from 2017 to 2021. Experimental results show that in Pingtan County, where the aquaculture density is low and the aquaculture characteristics are not prominent, the extraction method based on GEE platform utilized in this study exhibits an accuracy rate exceeding 90%. This indicates that rapid identification of aquaculture areas amidst complex water bodies has yielded favorable outcomes, thereby offering valuable insights for scientific planning and standardized management of coastal aquaculture.