中国国际重要湿地监测的指标与方法

湿地是具有多功能的重要的生态系统和自然资源,具有巨大的经济、生态和社会价值,为有效保护、科学管理和合理利用中国的国际重要湿地,需要在全国范围内开展国际重要湿地监测工作。国际重要湿地监测采用基于遥感技术、全球定位系统、地理信息系统(3S)技术为主的大范围宏观监测和典型湿地定位连续监测相结合的方法。在一定时期内对国际重要湿地生态特征变化进行测度的过程中,监测指标和技术方法的选择是最为关键的。国际重要湿地监测指标可分为湿地生态特征监测指标和影响湿地生态特征因子的监测指标,针对不同的监测指标提出了相应的监测技术和方法。

The Indicators and Methods for International Important Wetlands Monitoring in China

Wetlands are important ecosystem and natural resources with multi-functions,and have huge economic,ecological and social benefits. Wetland monitoring is a process of continuous measuring the changes of ecological character of wetland ecosystem in a certain period.To effectively conserve,scientifically manage and wisely use the International Important Wetlands(IIW) in China,it is necessary to carry out the IIW monitoring national widely.The subject of IIW monitoring is the ecological character,for example,the impairment or imbalance in any of those processes and functions which maintain the wetland and its products,attributes and values.The IIW monitoring should adopt the monitoring method combining large area monitoring on the basis of Remote-sensing, GPS,GIS and continuous localization monitoring in the typical wetlands.During the process of monitoring the ecological changes of IIW,the choice of indicators and techniques are crucial steps in a monitoring programme.A monitoring programme can include monitoring indicators for wetland ecological features and the indicators influencing the wetland ecological features.The indicators for wetland ecological features include wetland types,wetland area,meteorology,hydrology,water quality of surface water and groundwater,soil,plant and communities, wildlife,alien species.The indicators influencing the wetland ecological features include fishery,aquaculture,grazing,tourism,transportation,illegal activities,discharge of pollutant,irrigation works,drainage,wetland restoration and management.To aim at the different indicators,appropriate monitoring techniques and methods were put forward.In addition,to more effectively and scientifically monitor IIW,the monitoring frequency for different indicators and the application of new techniques should take an in-depth study.