黑龙江省呼玛至十八站公路路域生存环境质量评估

针对建设绿色公路不可避免地对路域生存环境质量造成影响的问题，本文选用Landsat 8卫星影像、ASTER GDEM 30 m分辨率的DEM数据、2020版30 m全球地表覆盖数据，利用ENVI 5.3和ArcGIS 10.2平台协同操作，从公路的路域植被覆盖度变化、土壤侵蚀度、生存环境适宜性3个角度分析对生存环境质量的影响。研究结果表明，公路建设前后路域植被覆盖度超75%区域从2 673.8 km²降至2 389.82 km²，植被覆盖度为45%~75%的区域从997.31 km²降至767.19 km²；土壤侵蚀程度以中度侵蚀和高度侵蚀为主，中度侵蚀和高度侵蚀总计面积3 927.99 km²，占比达79.04%；生存环境适宜性方面，公路左侧呼玛河流域及附近最高，公路右侧的林区大面积图斑块次之。

Habitat quality assessment of road area of Huma-Shiba station highway in Heilongjiang province

The construction of green highway also inevitably affects the habitat quality of road area, therefore, 30 m global land cover data of 2020 edition, Landsat 8 satellite image, ASTER GDEM with 30 m resolution is selected and operated in collaboration with ENVI 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.2 platforms, the influence on the habitat quality is analyzed from the three perspectives of the habitat suitability of soil erosion degree and the change of vegetation coverage before and after highway construction. The results prove that The vegetation coverage over 75% of the road area decreases from 2 673.8 km² to 2 389.82 km² before and after highway construction, areas with vegetation coverage of 45%~75% decreases from 997.31 km² to 767.19 km²; The erosion degree of soil is mainly moderate erosion and high erosion, moderate erosion and high erosion cover a total area of 3 927.99 km², accounting for 79.04% in total; Habitat suitability is highest in and around Huma River basin on the left side of the highway, and the forest area on the right side of the highway is followed by patches.