多元聚煤理论体系及聚煤模式

煤地质学经过长期的发展和多种成煤理论相继提出,已进入一个多元化的繁盛阶段。但是,聚煤理论研究中还有很多科学问题仍需进一步深入,如海侵(水进)过程中煤的聚积机理、聚煤盆地形成与演化过程中板块构造的控煤作用、煤与其共伴生矿产的共生机理以及含煤系统理论等,都与煤聚积、聚煤盆地各种非常规能源矿产资源研究密切相关,而理论研究的滞后也影响了能源矿产资源的预测、评价。造成这种现状的原因是不同聚煤理论适用范围具有一定的局限性。鉴于此,本文在系统、全面的理解各种聚煤理论的基础上,提出了多元聚煤理论体系及聚煤模式,认为多元成煤理论体系是以泥炭沼泽堆积样式为中心,盆地水域体制为阐明聚煤作用机制的基本点,其核心思想是阐明各种因素的相互作用与影响,成煤机制的交叉、包含,而不是孤立地看一个具体问题,聚煤盆地层序地层不同体系域聚煤差异性为聚煤理论的支撑格架,古植物、古气候、古构造和古地理分析为构建聚煤理论体系的四个基本条件,各种地质因素的相互牵制、多种事件(如突发性水侵事件、构造事件、火山事件等)的影响,聚煤模式的多样性和聚煤作用过程与机制多元性等,构成了多元成煤理论体系的内核,并强调该体系构建的四个统一:聚煤理论体系的完整性与协同性的统一、独创性与转化性的统一、继承性与发展性的统一、理论性与实践性的统一,阐明不同聚煤机制及其相互关系。多元聚煤理论不是将不同成煤理论或观点的简单集合,而是深入阐明各种因素的影响、动态与静态交叉机理、各种条件的融合、聚煤盆地内外各种作用的相互牵制与耦合等。

The Multiple Coal-forming Theoretical System and Its Model

After a long period of development and with the presentation of various coal-forming theories, the coal geology has entered into a diversified flourishing stage. However, it is necessary to further study such coal-forming theories as coal-forming mechanism during transgression, the influence of plate tectonics on coal-forming during the formation and evolution of basins, the association mechanism of coal and its coexisting and associated minerals and the coal-bearing system theory, which are all closely related to the study of coal-accumulation and unconventional energy resource in the coal-forming basin. The insufficient theoretical study caused by the limitations of every coal-forming theory, however, has affected the prediction and estimation of energy resource. Hence, this paper has presented the multiple coal-forming theoretical system and coal-forming pattern based on systematical and comprehensive understanding of various coal-forming theories. The authors hold that the central idea of this theoretical system lies in the peat accumulation patterns and the water system changes. The interactions between coal-forming multi-factors are illustrated in this theoretical system without explaining each problem separately. The difference of coal-forming system tracts is the main fundamental principle of the supporting framework. There are four basic conditions, namely paleobotany, paleoclimate, paleostructure, and paleoevents (transgression events, tectonic events, volcanic eruption event, etc.). The characteristics of multiple coal accumulation model and different types of coal-forming process as well as mechanism become the main core contents. Four uniformities are emphasized, which are integrity and cooperativeness, originality and convertibility, succession and expansibility, theoretical property and practicalness. On such a basis, the coal-forming mechanism and its relations are explained. It is thus held that the multiple coal-forming theoretical systems include the detailed relations between different factors, the mechanism of dynamic and static conditions, the fusion of different theories, and the coupling principles of many kinds of processes.