20世纪30年代广东古村镇墟市空间分布与驱动因素分析

通过对历史地图数据及相关史料的梳理和印证，运用GIS空间分析技术、地理权重回归模型等空间分析方法，探讨了20世纪30年代广东古村镇墟市的空间分布结构及驱动因素的空间溢出作用。结果表明：广东古村镇墟市的空间结构以珠江三角洲地区为核心呈圈层结构并具树线状分布特征。古村镇墟市平均贸易半径的空间差异、分布的层级结构和职能等级特征等，是其“核心-边缘”结构特征的深化和体现。驱动因素的影响作用以水驿系统为源动力，陆路交通助推了空间结构的转变，但在交通尚不发达的条件下，其空间溢出作用并未充分凸显；以人口集中为基础条件，社会经济发展与区域内外联系是空间结构形成与发展的内源力，但其作用的发挥也深受政治制度环境不稳定的制约性影响。

Spatial Distribution and Driving Factors of Ancient Village and Town Fairs in Guangdong in the 1930s

By combing and confirming the historical map data and relevant historical materials, using the spatial analysis methods such as GIS spatial analysis technology and geographical weight regression model, this paper discussed the spatial distribution and driving factors’ spatial spillover effects of ancient village and town fairs in Guangdong in the 1930s. The results show that the spatial structure of ancient village and town fairs in Guangdong takes the Pearl River Delta as the core, which is a circle structure with tree- linear distribution characteristics. The spatial difference of the average trade radius, the hierarchical structure of distribution and the hierarchical characteristics of functions are the deepening and embodiment of core-periphery structure. The source power is the water post system, and it will be to reduce the average trade radius of ancient village and town fairs in each county. Land transportation promotes the transformation of the spatial distribution structure of ancient villages and town fairs. Especially in the main land transportation lines, the distribution of towns is obviously more intensive. However, under the condition of underdeveloped land transportation, the spatial spillover effect of land transportation is not fully manifested. Population concentration provides the basic conditions for the formation and evolution of the spatial distribution of ancient village and town fairs. It has a significant spatial spillover effect on the change of the average trade radius. Based on the population concentration, Social and economic development and regional internal and external relations are the internal forces of the formation and development of the spatial structure. Its driving role is mainly reflected in promoting quality transformation in relatively developed regions and quantity growth in relatively underdeveloped regions. But the above driving factors are also restricted by the unstable political system environment. The large-scale emigration of local residents has greatly affected the number and scale growth of ancient village and town fairs, and the contribution of overseas Chinese immigrants to the local social and economic development also has an important impact on the distribution of ancient village and town fairs.