江汉平原乡村聚落形态类型及空间体系特征

依据国土空间用地GIS数据及村镇统计数据，采用聚类分析及分形学方法，探索江汉平原乡村聚落空间形态类型及空间体系特征。研究表明，江汉平原因其内部自然环境基质的差异，形成了“二类四型”聚落空间形态:低丘岗地地域，主要是均衡镶嵌型聚落空间形态，可分为高密度（斑块）低丘点状形态及中密度（斑块）岗地团块形态2种亚型，此类聚落形态的村镇呈现出“星点”式空间结构；河渠水网地域，主要是轴带依附型聚落空间形态，可分为低密度（斑块）滨湖弧带形态和中低密度（斑块）河渠直线形态2种亚型，此类聚落形态的村镇呈现“点轴”式空间结构。江汉平原“二类四型”乡村聚落形态及空间体系结构在长江中游平原水网农区有一定的典型性，可以为此类乡村聚落空间重构、乡村居民点体系优化提供理论基础及实践指导。

The Rural Settlement Morphological Types and Spatial System Characteristics in the Jianghan Plain

Under the background of land space planning reform,the land space of county is divided into three types:Urban space,agricultural space and ecological space.Among them,the planning of rural residential area system is the key to the agricultural space reconstruction.The implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy requires the construction of rural community system according to the law of rural population migration.The characteristics of rural settlement spatial pattern and the optimized reconstruction mode are the foundation of rural community reconstruction.Based on the land GIS data and the statistical data of villages and towns,the cluster analysis and fractal method are used to explore the form types and spatial system characteristics of rural settlements in the Jianghan Plain.The research shows that the Jianghan Plain has formed‘two category and four types’of rural settlement space forms due to the difference of its internal natural environment matrix:One is the balanced mosaic settlement form in the low-hilly and mound areas,which can be divided into two subtypes:high-density&low-hilly point form and medium-density&mound crumb form,this rural settlement present a‘star point’spatial structure.Another is shaft-dependent settlement form in the river and ditch network areas,which can be divided into two subtypes:low-density&lake-arc form and medium-low density&river-ditch linear form,this rural settlement presents a‘point-axis’spatial structure.The characteristics of‘two category and four types’rural settlement form and spatial system in the Jianghan Plain are typical in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Plain.It can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the spatial reconstruction of such rural settlements and the optimization of rural residential area system.