基于功能视角的广州都市边缘区乡村发展类型分化及其动力机制

基于村庄规划详细调查数据库，采用空间集中度和功能识别等方法，深度剖析广州都市边缘区村域尺度乡村发展的类型分化及其动力机制。结果表明：① 广州都市边缘区村域乡村功能的空间梯度差异特征明显。乡村经济发展功能和社会保障功能呈现出由城区向城郊逐渐减弱的分异特征，农业生产功能和生态保育功能则由城区向城郊逐渐增强态势。以乡村主导功能为划分原则，将广州市都市边缘区乡村划分为经济发展功能主导型、社会保障功能主导型、农业生产功能主导型、生态保育功能主导型、均衡发展型和综合发展型等6种类型。② 在城乡区位上，城镇发展型、混合发展型和传统发展型3类乡村依次呈现出围绕主城区和城市副中心的圈层结构特征。③ 政府力通过行政区划调整、战略发展规划、重大项目及重大基础设施的建设推动城乡发展空间转型，奠定了乡村发展的圈层分化格局；市场力通过企业投资和产业转移助推乡村产业非农化和地域功能多样化；社会力通过经济组织发展和乡镇企业兴办等推动乡村“三生”空间重构。④ 建立多方参与的社区化管理体系、乡村群空间组织结构以及镇乡互动圈将是乡村发展优化的重点。

Differentiation and Dynamic Mechanism of Rural Development in Metropolitan Fringe Based on the Functional Perspective in Guangzhou City

This article takes the differentiation of rural development types in metropolitan fringes areas as the theme.The comprehensive analysis of the rural development types,formation mechanism and optimization were examined on village scale in Guangzhou by using the village planning survey database of Guangzhou in 2013 and methods such as spatial concentration and functional identification.The results as fellows:First,the spatial gradient difference of rural function in Guangzhou is significant.The functions of economic development and social security are gradually decreasing from urban areas to suburbs,while the functions of agricultural production and ecological conservation are gradually increasing from urban areas to suburbs.According to the principle of rural dominate function,the rural areas in Guangzhou are divided into 6 types:economic development leading type,social security leading type,agricultural production leading type,ecological conservation leading type,balanced development type and comprehensive development type,among which the balanced development type is the main type.Secondly,the rural areas of Guangzhou are divided into urban development type,mixed development type and traditional development type by the characteristics of rural development and the location,which exhibit layer structures surrounding the downtown and the sub-center of city.Third,government,market and social forces are important driving forces of rural development,which exert multi-directional influences on the differentiation of rural development through different forms of action.The government promotes the rapid development of urbanization through administrative division adjustment,strategic development planning,major projects and major infrastructure construction.Market forces promote rural industrial structure transformation and non-agriculture diversified development through enterprise investment and industrial.Social forces promote the reconstruction of rural production,living and ecological space through the development of economic organizations and the establishment of township enterprises.Fourth,the system of multi-participation in the community management,the space integration of village cluster,as well as the construction of town-township interaction circle will be an important way to optimize rural development.