大连市海洋渔业集群空间格局演化与企业区位选择

全球化时代是发展海洋经济的时代，海洋渔业是海洋经济的重要部门，是深耕蓝色国土的重要一步。以典型海洋城市大连市为案例，基于海洋渔业企业视角研究海洋渔业产业，建立海洋渔业企业数据库，运用核密度方法分析大连市海洋渔业企业的空间格局演化规律，建立回归模型重点分析了2011—2018年海产加工企业在区位选择时的影响因素。结果表明：① 空间格局演化方面，价值链上不同环节的企业有不同的空间演化规律，养殖企业在逐渐向长海县集中；捕捞企业的集聚中心逐渐由南部向东部岛屿转移；加工企业的格局呈现由单中心向多中心扩散的态势；批发零售企业分布格局则为较为稳定的多中心结构；② 养殖企业区位选择要素由自然因素转变为社会因素，捕捞企业区位受资源和政策影响较大，批发零售企业区位受到市场和政策的影响；海产加工企业区位选择方面，研究时期内城市化经济、地方化经济、土地成本、交通条件等是其主要影响因素；城市化经济、地方化经济、交通条件对一般加工企业有显著影响，个体工商户的区位选择更关注地方化经济因素。

Spatial Pattern Evolution of Cluster and the Impacts of Firms'Location Choices of Marine Fisheries Sector in Dalian

It is the era of the marine economy. Marine fisheries sector is an important sector of the marine economy. This paper uses Dalian as a typical example, and takes marine fisheries firms’ as the research object to establish a database of marine fisheries firms. It uses Kernel density estimation to analyze the evolution of the spatial pattern of marine fisheries firms in Dalian. Then, it focuses on influencing factors in the location choices of seafood processing firms through regression models from 2011 to 2018. The results show that: 1) In terms of spatial pattern evolution, the firms in different links of the value chain had different spatial evolution rules. The marine aquaculture firms gradually concentrated in Changhai County; the gathering center of marine fishing firms was gradually shifting from the southern islands to the eastern islands; the center of seafood processing firms was changing from single center to multiple centers; the distribution pattern of wholesale and retail firms was relatively stable. 2) The factors of location selection of aquaculture firms had changed from natural resources to social factors. The location of fishing firms was greatly affected by resources and policies. The location of marine wholesale and retail firms was affected by market and policy. In the study period, urbanization economy, localization economy, land cost, transportation conditions have a significant influence on the location choices of the seafood processing firms. Different types of firms have different choices. Common firms prefer location with higher degree of localization economy, less population and better transportation conditions, while individual businesses pay more attention to localization economy.