基于多交通模式的长春市公园绿地空间可达性研究

城市公园绿地资源空间配置的有效性和公平性对城市规划建设和居民生活具有重要意义。基于百度地图路径规划API及腾讯宜出行大数据，采用集成多种交通模式（步行、公交、驾车）的引力模型与双变量空间自相关分析等方法，综合测度长春市中心城区公园绿地的空间可达性及其供需匹配特征。研究发现：① 长春市中心城区的公园绿地空间可达性随出行方式和时间观测阈值的变化而改变，各社区可达性水平空间差异显著，可达性较好的社区多分布于城市公园、河流及轨道交通沿线；低可达性社区主要位于城市东北、西南向外围边缘区域。② 从不同交通模式来看，驾车出行的可达性水平要显著高于步行和公交，其出行克服时间成本的能力较强，但驾车可达性的空间差异也高于公交和步行；随时间阈值的增大，不同交通模式可达性的空间分布表现出显著差异。③ 基于供需平衡视角的空间可达性特征显示，中心城区二环、三环区域公园绿地供需匹配较好，供需失衡的区域主要集中在一环内核心区及城市边缘开发区，核心区存在“低供给-高需求”的聚集现象，边缘城区存在“高供给-低需求”聚集现象。

Spatial Accessibility of Urban Green Space in Central Area of Changchun:An Analysis Based on the Multi-trip Model

An efficient and fair allocation of urban green space is of great significance to urban planning and construction. Based on the path planning API in Baidu Map, and Easygo big data, the gravity model and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis were used to analyze the spatial equity of urban green space in Changchun from the perspective of the balance between supply and demand. Results show that: 1) The accessibility of urban green space in the central urban area of Changchun changed with travel modes and the time thresholds. The accessibility level of each community is different with each other. The areas with higher accessibility were mainly located in the nearby regions of urban parks, rivers and rail transit lines. The communities with a low accessibility are mainly located in the northeast and southwest periphery of Changchun. 2) The accessibility landscapes varied by trip modes, the accessibility level under driving is significantly higher than that of walking and public transportation, which showed that time threshold has less influence on driving, but the accessibility level under driving is also higher than that of public transportation and walking. With the increase of time, the accessibility maps under different trip modes showed significant differences. 3) The spatial distribution of demand for urban green space generally presented a “center-periphery” pattern. From the perspective of a balanced distribution between supply and demand, the supply and demand of urban green space in the second ring and the third ring are relatively balanced. The areas with an imbalance distribution between supply and demand were mainly concentrated in the core area within the first ring and most of the urban peripheries. The core area showed low supply but high demand for urban green space, on the contrary, most of the urban peripheries showed high supply but low demand for urban green space.