基于街景数据的建成环境与街道活力时空分析——以深圳福田区为例

建成环境对街道活力的影响是国内外城市研究的热点议题。然而，对于建成环境要素的测度与评估多偏重于二维建成环境指标，尚未充分挖掘三维建成环境指标。以深圳市福田区为例，采用街景数据、路网数据、POI数据及移动互联网位置服务数据，建立周末分时段模型，探讨商业街道和生活街道活力的时空间分布特征及建成环境对其产生的影响。结果表明：① 商业街道上居民全天活动的峰值时段为18:00~20:00，生活街道上居民全天活动的峰值时段为11:00~13:00。② 深圳市福田区街道活力总体呈现多中心结构，随时间变化显现出明显的空间差异。③ 不同的建成环境指标对街道活力的作用时段与影响程度存在差异。提高功能混合度有利于提升商业街道凌晨、上午和夜间的活力及生活街道午后和傍晚的活力；过宽的相对步行宽度对生活街道活力提升有抑制作用，更安全的步行环境对商业和生活街道夜间活力提升有促进作用；界面连续程度高的商业街道午后及夜间的活力更强，界面多样性丰富的生活街道白天活力更强。

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Built Environment and Street Vitality Relation-ship Based on Street-level Imagery:A Case Study of Futian District,Shenzhen

The last decades have witnessed a steady increase in studying urban vitality. However, the information that could depict 3D space has not been included in studies. This research attempts to incorporate street view imagery data to elaborate the spatiotemporal variability of vibrancy in Futian District, Shenzhen. As for the street-level physical environment, attributes are extracted from street view images by deep machine-learning algorithms SegNet. 2D built environment indicators of streets were extracts from the Open Street Map and POI points. A multivariate econometric are framed to examine the association between urban environment and the vitality at the street level of commercial streets and residential streets. The results showed that: 1) The peak hours of activity on commercial streets are 18:00 to 20:00, and the peak hours of activity on living streets are 11:00 to 13:00. 2) Futian District Street Vitality Shows Polycentric Structure, whose distribution had shown obvious spatial differences with time. 3) Variations in the temporal and degree effects of different built environment indicators on street vitality. Increasing the mix of facilities contributes to the morning and nighttime vibrancy of commercial streets, as well as the afternoon vibrancy of living streets. More compact streets have a positive impact on commercial streets’ vitality, and safer pedestrian environments have a positive impact on both living and commercial streets’ vitality. Improving the building continuity will promote the vitality of commercial streets. Higher interface richness increases the vitality of living streets in afternoon and evening. An increase in the richness of the interface will promote the daytime vitality of the residential street.