金刚石矿物学、包裹体及碳稳定同位素研究综述

金刚石是地球上最坚硬、对形成环境要求最苛刻的矿物之一。金刚石的矿物学特征、包裹体特征及碳稳定同位素组成记录了金刚石生长、熔蚀、搬运等地质过程中的温度、压力及物质成分等信息,是探索金刚石物质来源、形成过程和地球深部物理化学环境的重要研究对象。总结了国内外金刚石矿物学特征、包裹体特征和碳稳定同位素组成的相关研究成果,发现金刚石晶形和组合及其颜色可大致区分金刚石来源; 金刚石表面特征是区分原生金刚石与砂矿金刚石的重要鉴别特征; 金刚石包裹体类型及组合、包裹体年代学及金刚石碳稳定同位素研究,可分析金刚石物质来源和地球深部物理化学环境,确定金刚石形成时代,为研究金刚石成因、地幔岩石圈深部作用过程以及壳幔相互作用提供重要依据。

Review of mineralogy,inclusion and carbon stable isotopic studies of diamond

Diamond is one of the hardest minerals on earth, and its formation environment is quite demanding. The mineralogical features, inclusion characteristics and carbon stable isotope composition of diamond record the information of temperature, pressure and material composition in the geological process of diamond growth, erosion and transportation. Therefore, the characteristics of mineralogy, inclusion and carbon stable isotope are the important research objects for exploring the diamond material source, formation processes and physicochemical environment in deep earth. The authors summarized the research findings about the characteristics of diamond mineralogy, inclusion and carbon stable isotope at home and abroad. The results show that the diamond source can be roughly distinguished by the diamond crystal types and combination as well as diamond colors. The diamond surface feature is an important distinguishable characteristic between primary diamond and placer diamond. The research on diamond inclusion types and combination, inclusion chronology and carbon stable isotope can be used to analyze the diamond material source and physicochemical environment in deep earth, and determine the diamond formation period. This research can provide important information for the study of diamond genesis, deep process of lithospheric mantle and crust-mantle interaction.