基于物理模拟试验的岩质滑坡地表位移分析

三段式岩质滑坡是一种典型的斜坡变形破坏模式，运用二维地质力学加载系统对其变形破坏全过程进行物理模拟试验研究，采用激光位移计对坡顶和坡脚位置进行位移监测。结果表明:位移监测曲线总体上表现为锁固段经历长时间的能量积累与应力调整后的突发脆性破坏；由于软弱夹层具有蠕滑特性，前缘蠕滑阶段呈现出与土质滑坡相似的初始变形→等速变形→加速变形特征；后缘拉裂阶段作为最短暂的变形阶段，其位移监测曲线表现为“减-增-减-增”的“W”型变化趋势；锁固段是三段式岩质边坡维持稳定的关键所在，其受剪变形的顺序为先上后下，损伤变形由端部向中部递进，最终锁固段剪断形成突发脆性破坏，滑坡高速启动。

Surface displacement analysis of rock slope based on physical simulation tests

Three-segment rockslide is a kind of unique mode from deformation to failure of a slope. Based on a 2-D geomechanics loading system, the physical simulation of the whole process from deformation to failure of the three-segment slide is accomplished. Displacement of the head and foot of the slope is tested with the laser displacement system. The experimental results indicate that the displacement monitoring curve generally shows the sudden brittle failure after the energy accumulation and stress adjustment. Because of the creep deformation of weak intercalation, the stage of creep consists of the initial deformation, the constant velocity deformation and the acceleration deformation just like that of a soil landslide. The stage of edge cracking is the most short-lived deformation stage, the displacement monitoring curve of which shows a “W” type change trend of “minus - increase-decrease-increase”. The locking section is the key of the stability of the rockslide, the foot of which is sheared after the top of which is sheared. Repeatedly, the damage deformation is progressive from the edge to the middle part. Eventually, the locking section is suddenly cut off. As a result, rockslide starts at a high speed.