利用NOAA卫星HIRS探测器监测东亚地区辐射收支的研究

地球－大气系统的辐射收支是描述地球和宇宙空间能量交换的重要参量，也只有从卫星平台才能直接观测大气顶的地球－大气系统的辐射收支。目前，长期的地－气系统射出长波辐射序列资料是从美国ＮＯＡＡ极轨业务气象卫星的甚高分辨率扫描辐射计测量中计算的，精度不能满足气候监测的要求。本文根据美国ＮＯＡＡ卫星高分辨率红外大气探测器（ＨｉｇｈＲｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＩｎｆｒａｒｅｄＳｏｕｎｄｅｒ，缩写为ＨＩＲＳ）测量资料，研究了从中推算地球大气系统辐射收支的方法，并对计算出的１９９１年１月份东亚地区的地－气系统的辐射收支各参量、白天和夜间射出长波辐射差别分别进行了对比分析。结果表明，此方法计算的辐射收支分量，能揭示云和地球－大气系统的辐射分布特征及其分布细节，是进行区域气候研究的有效资料。

MONITORING RADIATION BUDGET OVER EAST ASIA USING HIRS/2 MEASURE MENTS OF NOAA SATELLITE

Radiation budget of the earth atmosphere system is one of the key parameters which describes the energy exchange between the earth system and the universe. At present, the long term series of Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data are deduced from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard NOAA satellites with RMS errors of about 7 Watts per squares meter which can not meet the accuracy requirement of the most climate research. This paper describes a methodology of deducing high resolution radiation budget from High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HIRS) onboard NOAA satellites. The monthly averaged radiation budget data of January, 1991 over East Asia region were calculated and analyzed. It is demonstrated that the radiation budget deduced from HIRS measurement reached reasonable accuracy and the radiation distribution characteristics over East Asia can be revealed with high resolution.