海流兔河流域植被分布与地形地貌及地下水位关系研究

干旱区植被与地形地貌及地下水的相互依存关系是揭示植被生态水文过程的关键。由于降水稀少,中国西北地区植被的生长发育与地貌和地下水的关系极为密切,从大尺度上研究地形地貌和地下水变化的生态效应问题对生态环境的保护和恢复具有重要的意义。应用遥感方法,基于地形地貌和地下水位观测数据,在流域尺度上定量地研究了中国鄂尔多斯高原海流兔河流域植被发育与地形地貌和地下水埋深的关系。结果表明:河谷、滩地、沙丘、沙地地貌的植被发育状况是依次变差的,植被在高程1 220m左右处发育最好。地下水位埋深对植被的影响范围为1～5m,当地下水位埋深超过5m时,气候与土壤因素是决定植被的主要因素,地下水位的变化对植被的长生状况影响不大。

Research on vegetation distribution and its relationship with topography and groundwater depth in the Hailiutu River Basin

Research on topography and groundwater dependent vegetation in arid areas is a key to the understanding of vegetation eco-hydrological process.Owing to little precipitation,vegetation is closely related to topography and groundwater depth in the arid inland areas of Northwest China.The study of ecological impact of topography and groundwater in large scale has great significance on environmental protection and restoration.In this study,we investigated the relationship of vegetation to topography and groundwater depth in the Hailiutu River Basin,Erdos Plateau of China,by combining remote sensing with topography and in-situ groundwater observations.Our results demonstrated that the vegetation growth is gradually worse from river valley,sand beach,sand dune to sand ground.The vegetation developed well when the elevation is 1220 m.The groundwater depth has impact on vegetation when it varies between 1 m and 5 m.The climate and soil are the main control factors when the groundwater depth is larger than 5 m and the groundwater depth has little effect on vegetation.