饱和储层砂岩中流体粘度引起的超声波速度频散实验研究(英文)

在实验室对5块储层砂岩进行了模拟地层压力条件下的超声波速度测试。砂岩样品采自WXS凹陷的W地层,覆盖了从低到高的孔隙度和渗透率范围。实验选用了卤水和4种不同密度油作为孔隙流体,结合温度变化,实现了对流体粘度引致的速度频散研究。对实验结果的分析表明:(1)对于高孔隙度和渗透率的样品,无论是哪种流体饱和,观察到的超声波速度测试值和零频率Gassmann预测值的差异较小(约2-3%),基本上可以用Biot模型解释;对于中等孔隙度和渗透率的样品,低粘度流体(<约3mP?S)的频散效应也可以用Biot模型得到合理解释;(2)对于低、中孔隙度和渗透率样品,当流体粘度增加时,喷射流机制起主导作用,导致严重的速度频散(可达8%)。对储层砂岩的微裂隙纵横比进行了估计并用于喷射流特征频率的计算,当高于该特征频率时,Gassmann理论的假设条件受到破坏,实验室测得的高频速度不能直接用于地震低频条件下的W地层砂岩的Gassmann流体替换研究。

Laboratory study of fluid viscosity induced ultrasonic velocity dispersion in reservoir sandstones

Ultrasonic velocities of a set of saturated sandstone samples were measured at simulated in-situ pressures in the laboratory. The samples were obtained from the W formation of the WXS Depression and covered low to nearly high porosity and permeability ranges. The brine and four different density oils were used as pore fluids, which provided a good chance to investigate fluid viscosity-induced velocity dispersion. The analysis of experimental observations of velocity dispersion indicates that (1) the Biot model can explain most of the small discrepancy (about 2–3%) between ultrasonic measurements and zero frequency Gassmann predictions for high porosity and permeability samples saturated by all the fluids used in this experiment and is also valid for medium porosity and permeability samples saturated with low viscosity fluids (less than approximately 3 mP·S) and (2) the squirt flow mechanism dominates the low to medium porosity and permeability samples when fluid viscosity increases and produces large velocity dispersions as high as about 8%. The microfracture aspect ratios were also estimated for the reservoir sandstones and applied to calculate the characteristic frequency of the squirt flow model, above which the Gassmann’ s assumptions are violated and the measured high frequency velocities cannot be directly used for Gassmann’s fluid replacement at the exploration seismic frequency band for W formation sandstones.