街道尺度下的零售商业中心热点识别与业态差异——以武汉市为例

城市零售商业的空间分布是现代城市发展的重要研究领域,科学分析城市零售商业的集聚特征,有利于优化城市用地布局及合理配置城市商业资源。基于POI数据,以武汉市街道为研究尺度,通过核密度估计、空间自相关分析以及Ripley’s K函数来识别武汉市零售商业中心热点和分析各业态之间的差异。结果表明:(1)武汉市零售商业在空间分布上表现为“大集聚、小分散”的特征,集聚趋势和扩张态势并存,在中心城区集聚特征明显,并形成多个次级集聚中心。(2)全局空间自相关分析结果显示Moran’s I为0.385,说明武汉市零售商业分布存在正的空间相关性,局部空间自相关分析表明高-高集聚区的街道集聚特征明显,但其辐射带动作用较弱,极化现象明显。(3)零售商业分布的“中心-外围”结构明显,零售商业集中区主要分布在以江汉路商圈为核心的10 km圈层范围内,由中心城区向远城区递减。(4)不同距离下各业态空间集聚存在差异,商场、超市进行区位选择的范围较小,便利店、家居建材市场、专卖店的距离范围较大。

Hot Spot Identification and Business Type Differences of Retail Business Centers at Street Scale:Taking Wuhan City as An Example

Based on the POI data,using the streets of Wuhan City as the research scale,the kernel density estimation,spatial autocorrelation analysis,and Ripley’s K function are used to identify the hot spots of Wuhan’s retail business centers and analyze the differences between various business types.The results show that:(1)The spatial distribution of Wuhan’s retail business shows the characteristics of“large agglomeration,small dispersion”,agglomeration trend and expansion trend coexist,and the characteristics of agglomeration in the central city are obvious.In addition,7 secondary agglomeration centers have been formed;(2)The result of global spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that Moran I is 0.385,which indicates that there is a positive spatial correlation in the distribution of retail businesses in Wuhan.The local spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the street agglomeration characteristics of high-value clusters(HH)are obvious,but its radiation driving effect is weak,and the polarization phenomenon is obvious;(3)The“center-periphery”structure of retail business distribution is obvious.The retail business concentrated area is mainly distributed within the 10 km circle with the Jianghan Road business district as the core,from the central city decrease towards outside districts;(4)There are differences in the spatial agglomeration of various business types at different distances.Shopping malls and supermarkets have relatively small location options,and convenience stores,home building materials markets,and specialty stores have relatively large distances.