中国风能资源空间分布的估算

风能是一种清洁的可再生能源,是太阳能的一种转化形式,但风能开发利用的成本比太阳能开发利用的成本要低,它是可再生能源中最具开发前景的一种能源。科学、准确地估算我国风能潜力及其空间分布是国家对风能资源开发中一项极其重要的基础性工作。本文利用全国395个气象站10年、每日4次的气象观测数据,计算了每个气象站所在地区常年有效风能密度和有效风时数,在此基础上,通过空间内插,形成全国范围的风能密度和有效风时数分布数据。结果显示,在全国范围内:有效风能密度大于150W/m²、100～150W/m²、50～100W/m²、小于50W/m²的区域面积占全国国土总面积的百分比分别为2.51%、16.45%、53.39%和27.65%;有效风时数大于5 000h、4 000～5 000h、2 000～4 000h、小于2 000h的区域面积占国土总面积的百分比分别为5.28%、22.19%、53.54%和18.98%。用风能密度和有效风时数两个指标分别表达风能资源潜力虽然存在局部差异,但在总体态势上基本一致,二者之间的相关系数,...

Estimation of Grid Based Spatial Distribution of Wind Energy Resource in China

Wind energy is one of the clean and renewable energy resources.It is transformed from solar energy,but cost of development of wind energy is lower than that of solar energy.Therefore,wind energy is one of renewable energy resources with bright prospect in the future.Estimation of potential of wind energy and its spatial distribution nationwide is a fundamental work for development of wind energy.In this study,meteorological data from 395 stations with the duration of 10 years and frequency of 4 times per day,including temperature,atmospheric pressure,relative humidity and wind speed,were used to calculate density of wind energy and number of hours of effective wind speed.And IDW(Inverse Distance Weighted) spatial interpolation method in ARC-GIS was employed to generate grid of distribution of density of wind energy and number of hours of effective wind speed nationwide.Analysis showed that areas of wind energy density > 150w/m2,100-150 w/m2,50~100 w/m2 and <50w/m2 occupied 2.51%,16.45%,53.39% and 27.65% of national total area respectively,and areas of number of hours of effective wind speed >5 000h,4 000h-5 000h,2 000h-4 000h and <2 000h occupied 5.28%,22.19%,53.54% and 18.98% of national total area respectively.Both wind energy density and number of hours of effective wind speed can be used to express potential of wind energy resource in general though there is a little bit difference between them.In fact,the relation ratio reaches to 0.78.It should be pointed out that there is different precision and uncertainty of estimated wind energy resource in different regions.In northwest China,there is lower precision and higher uncertainty for lower density of meteorological stations while there is higher precision and lower uncertainty for higher density of meteorological stations in Southeast China.Increasing quantity of meteorological stations is the most effective way to enhance precision of estimated results.