水生态评价方法研究进展及展望

水生态系统是人类赖以生存的基础,近年来气候变化和水资源开发、水体污染、过度捕捞等人类活动导致水生态系统严重受损,水生态系统的保护和修复已成为全球面临的重大挑战。科学合理的水生态评价方法是实现水生态系统稳定、健康和可持续管理的基本保障,也是目前我国各相关管理部门高度重视的关键问题,多个部门围绕水生态评价展开了积极探索与实践。本文系统回顾了水生态评价方法的发展历程并阐释了水生态评价的内涵,梳理了常用的水生态评价方法,明晰了各方法的基本理念和应用场景,分析了各方法的优点和不足,提出了基于生态完整性的水生态健康评价方法,最后对目前我国水生态评价需进一步完善的工作进行了展望。本文以期与相关领域研究者和管理者在水生态评价理论和方法方面进行探讨,为我国水生态考核工作提供理论支持。

Research progress and prospect in China of aquatic ecosystem assessment methods

Aquatic ecosystems are the basis for human survival. Due to climate change and human activities such as water resource exploitation, water pollution, overfishing and etc., aquatic ecosystems have been seriously damaged in recent years and the conservation and restoration of aquatic ecosystems have become a major challenge to the world. Scientific and reasonable assessments are the basic guarantee to achieve stable, healthy and sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems. Relevant management departments attach great importance to aquatic ecosystem assessments and have launched active exploration and practice. In this context, the development of aquatic ecosystem assessment and its definition and implications were thoroughly examined. The basic concepts and applications of the most widely used aquatic ecosystem assessment methods were sorted out and analyzed by the advantages and disadvantages. With a comprehensive understanding of aquatic ecosystem assessment methods, an aquatic ecosystem health assessment based on ecological integrity in basin management was proposed. Finally, the trends of aquatic ecosystem assessment are discussed. By discussing the theories, methods and trends of aquatic ecosystem assessment with researchers and managers in related fields, this paper aims to provide theoretical support for aquatic ecosystem assessment and management in China.